Soil Modification by Cement Kiln Dust

Baghdadi, Zaki; Fatani, M. N.; Sabban, N. A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1995)7:4(218)

Cited by 107 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The same result was also obtained by Zaman et al [17]. Both Zaman et al and Baghdadi et al [18] found that with the increase of CKD content ratio and curing periods, the unconfined compressive strength exhibited an increase. In this paper, the authors focused on investigations of the effectiveness of CKD produced in China as soil stabilizers for expansive soil located in Western China.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on unconfined compressive strength property of expansive soil

Cui¹,

Du²,

Tian³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 5th International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE 2016)

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Abstract. In this paper, expansive soil is mixed with CKD in different proportions, and unconfined compressive strength test was conducted on the specimens with a certain initial water content and dry density. Unconfined compressive strength test were also conducted for specimens maintained for different curing ages separately, with 10% CKD content ratio, to investigate the effect of both CKD content ratio and curing age on the strength property. It was shown that with the increase of CKD content ratios, unconfined compressive strength was first increased, and then decreased. With the growth of the curing age, unconfined compressive strength of the specimen increased exponentially, tending towards stability after about 28 days.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on unconfined compressive strength property of expansive soil

Cui¹,

Du²,

Tian³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 5th International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering (ICCAHE 2016)

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“…Later research included work with kaolinite and bentonite (Baghdadi, 1990); an expansive clay (Zaman et al, 1992); dune sand (Baghdadi et al, 1995); and extensive work by Miller and co-workers with several soils Azad, 2000 andMiller et al, 2003). These studies testify the potential of using CKD for soil stabilization, albeit at dosages (8-30%) substantially greater than those used for other admixtures (unfortunately the chemical and physical characteristics of the CKDs used are not always documented).…”

Section: Ckd In Soil Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, a number of researchers have investigated the use of CKD for subgrade stabilization/modification (e.g. McCoy and Kriner, 1971;Zaman and Sayah, 1992;Baghdadi et al, 1995;Bhatty et al, 1996;Miller and Azad, 2000;Miller et al, 2003). A few of the other listed applications for CKD are for stabilization of contaminated soils and sludge (MacKay and Emery, 1994), as filler in asphalts (Zhu, Zaman and Laguros, 1999), as a partial additive to produce blended cements for concrete construction (Wang et al, 2002;Shoaib et al, 2000 andKurdi et al, 1996).…”

Section: Engineering Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower value was selected based on review of the pertinent literature, which indicated that at least 8% CKD was required to achieve effective soil stabilization (e.g. Miller and Azad, 2000;Bhatty et al, 1996 andBaghdadi et al, 1995). An upper value of 20% was fixed, based on the assumption that regardless of the potentially greater improvement in the mechanical properties, at higher dosages the costs associated with transportation and handling of the admixture would not make it a cost effective solution compared to lime and portland cement.…”

Section: Compaction Groutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Sreekrishnavilasam¹,

Santagata²

2006

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Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. AbstractThis research addressed the recycling of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing. While significant quantities of CKD are generated every year, its utilization in construction has been to this day quite limited. Additionally, the issue of reusing already landfilled CKD has remained almost completely unexplored. The work made use of three fresh CKDs collected at different instances from the same U.S. plant, as well as CKD obtained from different locations in a 12 year old landfill adjacent to the plant. A comprehensive experimental study of the physio-chemical and engineering properties of the CKDs was performed, and the results compared to published data for other CKDs. Differences in the free lime content were observed between different batches of the fresh CKD and were ascribed to changes implemented to the cement plant. Tests performed on the landfilled CKD showed very consistent characteristics and the presence of only traces of free lime. A distinct characteristic note for both CKDs is the small particle size (85-95% <10µm). Marked differences in particle morphology are, however, observed between the fresh and the landfilled CKD, which have a significant impact on the engineering properties. Hence, the study highlights the potential impact of chemical alteration processes on the properties of reactive byproducts when exposed to the environment in a disposal site. Based on the results of the characterization study, several potential applications for the CKDs were identified. Two of these: soil improvement and controlled low strength materials (CLSM) were selected for additional work. In investigating the use of CKD for soil improvement, only one fresh CKD was found to be sufficiently reactive (thanks to presence of free lime). The results for the other fresh and the landfilled CKD suggest that these materials may be used in combination with limited amounts of Portland cement to treat wet subgrades or water-logged areas. The viability of using the low free lime fresh and landfilled CKDs in CLSMs was assessed through comparison of the fresh and hardened properties to those of fly-ash based mixtures. While all CKD mixtures displayed excellent flow properties, only those manufactured with the highest cement dosage considered (50 kg/m 3 ) had setting times and strength compatible with their practical use in the field. Key WordsFresh KCD, landfilled CKD, characterization, free lime, soil improvement, CLSM. Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 The manufacture of portland cement is accompanied by the generation of large quantities of cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product waste material. In the United States, more than four million tons of CKD that is unsuitable for recycling in the cement manufacturing process require disposal annually (Todres et al., 1992). ...

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“…Several researchers have conducted investigations to improve the physical and mechanical properties of soil by using different types of waste materials, such as cement kiln dust, fly ash, bottom ash, blast furnace slag, stone dust and factory-waste roof shingles [2][3][4][5][6]. Most of the previous studies investigated the use of recycled gypsum waste plasterboard in agriculture applications, while a few studies focused on the use of gypsum wastes in civil and construction engineering applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Properties of Cohesion-Less Soil Using Recycled Bassanite

Kobayashi¹,

Ahmed²,

Ugai³

2013

JCEA

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Solid waste management is a serious problem over the world. Therefore, reduction, re-use and recycling of waste have become major issues in recent days. Gypsum waste plasterboard is considered one example of these waste materials. This study evaluates the use of recycled bassanite, which is derived from gypsum waste plasterboard, to enhance the performance of two types of cohesion-less soil. Recycled bassanite was utilized as a stabilizing agent to improve both compressive and splitting strengths of the tested soil. The effect of bassanite content, soil type, water content and curing time were investigated to explore the behavior of treated soil with recycled bassanite. Test results showed that increase of bassanite content is associated with increase in optimal moisture content, while no significant increase in the dry unit weight was observed. Both compressive and splitting tensile strengths enhanced with the additives of recycled bassanite. The increase of bassanite content had a more significant effect on the compressive strength compared with the effect on tensile strength. The use of recycled bassanite to enhance the strength of sandy soil had a more significant effect compared with silty soil. The effect of curing time on the strength of treated samples was more significant in early curing ages compared with late curing ages. The strength decreased significantly in case of stabilized samples prepared with water content at the wet-side of the compaction curve. However, insignificant decrease in the strength of the stabilized sample was detected with moisture content at the dry-side of compaction curve. This research meets the challenges of our society to reduce the quantities of gypsum wastes, producing useful material from waste materials that will help to a sustainable society.

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Soil Modification by Cement Kiln Dust

Cited by 107 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on unconfined compressive strength property of expansive soil

Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on unconfined compressive strength property of expansive soil

Development of Criteria for the Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) in Highway Infrastructures

Improvement Properties of Cohesion-Less Soil Using Recycled Bassanite

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