Soil Moisture and Temperature Effects on Nitrogen Release from Organic Nitrogen Sources

Abstract

Nitrogen release from organic N sources is controlled by the soil environment. Soil incubation was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil moisture (50, 70, and 90% of water holding capacity) and temperature (15/10, 20/15, and 25/20°C [14/10 h]) on N release from four organic N sources. Differential N release kinetics of the N sources were determined by measuring ammonium‐ and nitrate‐N contents periodically over 12 wk. Net N released, as a percentage of organic N, was greatest in the order: urea (91–96%) > blood meal (BM) (56–61%) > alfalfa pellets (AP) (41–52%) > partially composted chicken manure (CM) (37–45%). Increasing soil moisture increased net N released from AP and CM by 12 and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect net N released from urea and BM. Increasing temperature increased net N released from AP, BM, and CM by 25, 10, and 13%, respectively, but did not significantly affect net N released from urea. The results indicate that soil moisture and temperature influence N availability from organic N materials differently depending on source of N. In greenhouse production systems, where irrigation and temperature can be controlled, fertilizer management that considers both source of N and soil environment may improve the effectiveness of organic N materials.

Aplicação de nitrogênio em videiras na Campanha Gaúcha: produtividade e características químicas do mosto da uva

“…Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que a produção de uva em todos os tratamentos foi elevada para viníferas Cabernet Sauvignon, conduzidas em sistema de condução espaldeira. A falta de resposta à aplicação de N pode ter ocorrido porque as condições de umidade no solo foram boas e as temperaturas foram amenas durante todos os meses do ano e isso, segundo AGEHARA & WARNCKE (2005), favorece a mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo e a decomposição de resíduos vegetais depositados sobre a superfície do solo nas entrelinhas das videiras, que, neste caso, foram resíduos de plantas de cobertura, de ramos podados e de folhas das videiras. Isso sugere que as quantidades de N disponibilizadas no solo foram suficientes para a produção e para o desenvolvimento das videiras (BRUNETTO, 2004), mesmo em solo com baixo teor de matéria orgânica, 10g kg -1 .…”

Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

“…Numerous methods have been developed to measure N mineralization in the laboratory (e.g., Chae and Tabatabai 1986;Shi et al 2004;Agehara and Warncke 2005;Gale et al 2006) and the field (e.g., Eghball 2000; Khanna and Raison 2013). Of the field methods, the buried bag technique of Lentz and Lehrsch (2012a), as adapted from Eno (1960), gives representative estimates of in situ net N mineralized for the region's irrigated soils (Westermann and Crothers 1980;Meek et al 1994;Lentz et al 2011).…”

Effect of Tillage Practices and Rice Straw Management on Soil Environment and Carbon Dioxide Emission

“…There are some uncertainties associated with emission determination. Carbon dioxide emission in the rice field soils mainly depends on soil respiration and organic matter decomposition where soil temperature and moisture regimes amplify the process (Agehara and Warncke, 2005;Lee et al, 2006;IPCC, 2014). Temperature from plot to plot may vary and water depth in all plots could not be maintained at equal depths as flood irrigation was provided to rice fields.…”

“…Soils of Bangladesh have low reserves of carbon because of higher cropping intensity, higher decomposition rate of OM contributing to higher emission of C, use of lesser quantity of organic manure and little or practically no use of green manures coupled with warmer temperature and high humidity. The rate of soil carbon emission is strongly regulated by the complex interaction among soil physical, chemical and biological processes and environmental conditions (Agehara and Warncke, 2005;Lee et al, 2006). Soil aerobic conditions produce CO 2 , while anaerobic conditions produce CH 4 , depending on the concentration of soil OC.…”