Soil morphology and soil water regime of loess soils under oak in the Meerdaal forest, Belgium

Fragipan horizon degradation and bleached tongues formation in Albeluvisols of the Carpathian Foothills, Poland

“…In turn, Tornes et al (2000), who studied soils with fractured parent material in Ohio, observed the reduction and removal of free iron oxides along fractures and formation of gray seams. In the studied soils, the formation of tongues due to the infilling of vertical cracks with material from the upper, eluvial horizon, which was previously proposed by Carlisle (1954), Grossman and Carlisle (1969), Ranney et al (1975) and Rampelberg et al (1997), is also likely but only in the upper parts of cracks.…”

“…The next phase of fragipan degradation and the processes that produce bleached tongues (glossic structures) are poorly understood. According to Carlisle (1954), Grossman and Carlisle (1969), Ranney et al (1975), and Rampelberg et al (1997), the formation of glossic structures is caused by the infilling of opened cracks with material from an overlying horizon. Such process may occur both in periglacial and moderately humid climates.…”

Spatial variability of soil horizon depth in natural loess-derived soils

“…Only tree species composition has been altered to some extent by silviculture since the last centuries. Current stands are dominated by oak species (Q. robur L. and Q. petraea L.) and beech on the loess-derived soils (Fagus sylvatica L.) (58.5% of the area) with a considerable area of Scots Pine on the sandy outcrops (Pinus sylvestris L.) (25.5%) (Rampelberg et al, 1997). Average annual rainfall in the area is ca.…”

Forest structure and soil fertility determine internal stem morphology of Pedunculate oak: a modelling approach using boosted regression trees

“…Average soil rooting depths below 40 cm seem to have a negative effect on oak morphology (mSoilDepth; Table 3). This is an unexpected result, since shallow soils have been reported to be more often water deficient (Masson 2005;Rampelberg et al 1997). On the other hand, Bary-Lenger and Nebout (1993) classify Pedunculate oak as a species with low sensitivity to soil compaction.…”