Soil organic carbon active fractions as early indicators for total carbon change under straw incorporation

Xu, Minggang; Lou, Yunwei; Sun, Xiaofang; Wang, Wei; Baniyamuddin, Muhammad; Zhao, Kai

doi:10.1007/s00374-011-0579-8

Cited by 220 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…If decomposition and transformation of SOC occurs faster than the input and/or sampling interval, no difference in fast-cycling SOC fractions will be determined. In a Southern German soil at a site with 6.58C mean annual temperature and 800 mm precipitation, 60% of which falls in summer, Leifeld and Kögel-Knabner (2005) could not identify the POM fraction as an early indicator of land use change, while at a much dryer Chinese site (6.58C and 450 mm precipitation) Xu et al (2011) found significant increases in SOC in the POM fraction, but no significant differences in the bulk soil after two years of residue incorporation.…”

Section: Long-term Effect Of Straw Addition On Soil Carbonmentioning

confidence: 92%

Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

et al. 2017

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Abstract.Crop residue incorporation (RI) is recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, the positive effect on SOC is often reported to be relatively low and alternative use of crop residues, e.g. as a bioenergy source, may be more climate smart. In this context, it is important to understand: (i) the response of SOC stocks to long-term crop residue incorporation; and (ii) the qualitative SOC change, in order to judge the sustainability of this measure. We investigated the effect of 40 years of RI combined with five different nitrogen (N) fertilisation levels on SOC stocks and five SOC fractions differing in turnover times on a clay loam soil in Padua, Italy. The average increase in SOC stock in the 0-30 cm soil layer was 3.1 Mg ha -1 or 6.8%, with no difference between N fertilisation rates. Retention coefficients of residues did not exceed 4% and decreased significantly with increasing N rate (R 2 = 0.49). The effect of RI was higher after 20 years (4.6 Mg ha -1 ) than after 40 years, indicating that a new equilibrium has been reached and no further gains in SOC can be expected. Most (92%) of the total SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction and 93% of the accumulated carbon was also found in this fraction, showing the importance of fine mineral particles for SOC storage, stabilisation and sequestration in arable soils. No change was detected in more labile fractions, indicating complete turnover of the annual residue-derived C in these fractions under a warm humid climate and in a highly base-saturated soil. The applied fractionation was thus useful to elucidate drivers and mechanisms of SOC formation and stabilisation. We conclude that residue incorporation is not a significant management practice affecting soil C storage in warm temperate climatic regions.

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Section: Long-term Effect Of Straw Addition On Soil Carbonmentioning

confidence: 92%

Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

et al. 2017

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“…This coincides with Blanco-Canqui and Lal (2008) and could be explained by the higher contribution of residue input on the surface under OF compared to CT. Also, this may reflect less OM decomposed in the soil surface in OF. Additionally, the residue retention can increase SOC (Xu et al, 2011) with lower decomposition degree and higher C : N ratio (Yamashita et al, 2006). The C : N ratio tended to decrease with depth in CMs, LPs and RGs under OF.…”

Section: Soil Organic Carbon Nitrogen and C : N Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional tillage versus organic farming in relation to soil organic carbon stock in olive groves in Mediterranean rangelands (southern Spain)

Parras-Alcántara

Lozano‐García

2014

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is a soil variable subject to changes. The management system is a key factor that influences these changes. To determine the long-term effects of the management system on SOC stocks (SOCS) in olive groves, 114 soil profiles were studied in the Los Pedroches Valley (Mediterranean rangelands -southern Spain) for 20 years. The management practices were conventional tillage (CT) and organic farming (OF) in four soil types: Cambisols (CMs), Regosols (RGs), Luvisols (LVs) and Leptosols (LPs). Soil properties were statistically analysed by management techniques, soil types and horizons. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between soil types and management practices. It was equally observed that the management system affected SOCS. In addition, the total SOCS during the 20-year experiment increased in OF with respect to CT by 72 and 66 % in CMs and LVs respectively. SOC showed significant differences for horizons (p < 0.05) in relation to the management type. The stratification ratio (SR) was used as an indicator of soil quality based on the influence of surface SOC levels on erosion control, water infiltration and nutrient conservation with respect to deep layers. The SR of SOC from the surface to depth was greater in CT compared to OF with the exception of RGs. In all cases, the SR of SOC was > 2. These results indicate high soil quality and that management practices affect SOC storage in the Los Pedroches Valley.

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“…Soil organic carbon (SOC) influences the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, and is essential for good soil quality [7]. Increasing SOC has been shown to improve soil aggregation, water infiltration, and water and nutrient retention [8,9]. Traditional annual incorporation of crop residues such as cereal straw can increase soil organic matter content [10], therefore there is a concern that the removal of residues from the field for energy production may lead to soil degradation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification biochar as a valuable by-product for carbon sequestration and soil amendment

Hansen

Müller-Stöver

Ahrenfeldt

et al. 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

179

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Soil quality improvement a b s t r a c tThermal gasification of various biomass residues is a promising technology for combining bioenergy production with soil fertility management through the application of the resulting biochar as soil amendment. In this study, we investigated gasification biochar (GB) materials originating from two major global biomass fuels: straw gasification biochar (SGB) and wood gasification biochar (WGB), produced by a Low Temperature Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier (LT-CFB) and a TwoStage gasifier, respectively, optimized for energy conversion. Stability of carbon in GB against microbial degradation was assessed in a shortterm soil incubation study and compared to the traditional practice of direct incorporation of cereal straw. The GBs were chemically and physically characterized to evaluate their potential to improve soil quality parameters. After 110 days of incubation, about 3% of the added GB carbon was respired as CO 2 , compared to 80% of the straw carbon added. The stability of GB was also confirmed by low H/C and O/C atomic ratios with lowest values for WGB (H/C 0.12 and O/C 0.10). The soil application of GBs exhibited a liming effect increasing the soil pH from ca 8 to 9. Results from scanning electron microscopy and BET analyses showed high porosity and specific surface area of both GBs, indicating a high potential to increase important soil quality parameters such as soil structure, nutrient and water retention, especially for WGB. These results seem promising regarding the possibility to combine an efficient bioenergy production with various soil aspects such as carbon sequestration and soil quality improvements.

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Soil organic carbon active fractions as early indicators for total carbon change under straw incorporation

Cited by 220 publications

References 45 publications

Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Qualitative and quantitative response of soil organic carbon to 40 years of crop residue incorporation under contrasting nitrogen fertilisation regimes

Conventional tillage versus organic farming in relation to soil organic carbon stock in olive groves in Mediterranean rangelands (southern Spain)

Gasification biochar as a valuable by-product for carbon sequestration and soil amendment

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