Soil organic carbon and 13C abundance as related to tillage, crop residue, and nitrogen fertilization under continuous corn management in Minnesota

Clapp, C. E.; Allmaras, R. R.; Layese, M.F.; Linden, D. R.; Dowdy, R. H.

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(00)00110-0

Cited by 243 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…With regard to sustainability of the soil resources, removing stalks very close to the soil surface will result in less surface residue cover, exacerbate the potential wind and water erosion [10][11][12], accelerate the decline in soil organic carbon levels [13,14], and potentially reduce future crop yields [15]. More detailed discussions of potential impacts of stover removal on future productivity and soil quality are presented by Wilhelm et al [16], Wilts et al [17], and Kim and Dale [18].…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Hoskinson

Karlen²,

Birrell

et al. 2007

Biomass and Bioenergy

170

150

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Crop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha −1 dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mg ha −1 ) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha −1 of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top+bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macro-nutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha −1 or $11.27 Mg −1 . Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insufficient soil cover, while also producing a problematic feedstock. These preliminary results indicate harvesting stover (including the cobs) at a height of approximately 40 cm would be best for farmers and ethanol producers because of faster harvest speed and higher quality ethanol feedstock. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractCrop residue has been identified as a near-term source of biomass for renewable fuel, heat, power, chemicals and other bio-materials. A prototype one-pass harvest system was used to collect residue samples from a corn (Zea mays L.) field near Ames, IA. Four harvest scenarios (low cut, high-cut top, high-cut bottom, and normal cut) were evaluated and are expressed as collected stover harvest indices (CSHI). High-cut top and high-cut bottom samples were obtained from the same plot in separate operations. Chemical composition, dilute acid pretreatment response, ethanol conversion yield and efficiency, and thermochemical conversion for each scenario were determined. Mean grain yield in this study (10.1 Mg ha À1 dry weight) was representative of the average yield (10.0 Mg ha À1 ) for the area (Story County, IA) and year (2005). The four harvest scenarios removed 6.7, 4.9, 1.7, and 5.1 Mg ha À1 of dry matter, respectively, or 0.60 for low cut, 0.66 for normal cut, and 0.61 for the total high-cut (top+bottom) scenarios when expressed as CSHI values. The macronutrient replacement value for the normal harvest scenario was $57.36 ha À1 or $11.27 Mg À1 . Harvesting stalk bottoms increased stover water content, risk of combine damage, estimated transportation costs, and left insuffi...

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Hoskinson

Karlen²,

Birrell

et al. 2007

Biomass and Bioenergy

170

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stover harvest has been shown to have much less impact on soil quality than conventional tillage because it preserves belowground soil structure, subsurface biota, and some surface residue [14][15][16]. Field research continues to examine the physical, chemical, and biological implications of reduced or no-tillage coupled with corn stover harvest [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled Impacts of Cover Crops and Vegetative Barriers on Corn Stover Availability and Soil Quality

et al. 2014

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Environmentally benign, economically viable, and socially acceptable agronomic strategies are needed to launch a sustainable lignocellulosic biofuel industry. Our objective was to demonstrate a landscape planning process that can ensure adequate supplies of corn (Zea mays L.) stover feedstock while protecting and improving soil quality. The Landscape Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) was used to develop land use strategies that were then scaled up for five U.S. Corn Belt states (Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Minnesota) to illustrate the impact that could be achieved. Our results show an annual sustainable stover supply of 194 million Mg without exceeding soil erosion T values or depleting soil organic carbon [i.e., soil conditioning index (SCI)>0] when no-till, winter cover crop, and vegetative barriers were incorporated into the landscape. A second, more rigorous conservation target was set to enhance soil quality while sustainably harvesting stover. By requiring erosion to be <1/2 T and the SCI-organic matter (OM) subfactor to be >0, the annual sustainable quantity of harvestable stover dropped to148 million Mg. Examining removal rates by state and soil resource showed that soil capability class and slope generally determined the effectiveness of the three conservation practices and the resulting sustainable harvest rate. This emphasizes that sustainable biomass harvest must be based on subfield management decisions to ensure soil resources are conserved or enhanced, while providing sufficient biomass feedstock to support the economic growth of bioenergy enterprises.

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“…27 Crop residue has conventionally been left on the field after harvest to reduce soil erosion and maintain the SOC stocks and soil fertility of the Corn Belt. 1 Although some soil measurements in the Corn Belt have shown that complete residue removal reduces SOC compared with no removal, 28,29 other studies found no significant differences. 16 Measuring SOC change accurately is limited owing to the high spatial variability in SOC stocks, the inability to detect a small annual percentage change, short-term studies, and failure to express SOC results in an equivalent mass basis to account for changes in soil bulk density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels from crop residue can reduce soil carbon and increase CO2 emissions

et al. 2014

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Soil organic carbon and 13C abundance as related to tillage, crop residue, and nitrogen fertilization under continuous corn management in Minnesota

Cited by 243 publications

References 31 publications

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Engineering, nutrient removal, and feedstock conversion evaluations of four corn stover harvest scenarios

Modeled Impacts of Cover Crops and Vegetative Barriers on Corn Stover Availability and Soil Quality

Biofuels from crop residue can reduce soil carbon and increase CO2 emissions

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