Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils

Abstract

Abstract. Being the most common human-created landforms, terrace construction has resulted in an extensive perturbation of the land surface. However, our mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) (de-)stabilization mechanisms and the persistence of SOC stored in terraced soils is far from complete. Here we explored the factors controlling SOC stability and the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils in NE England using soil fractionation and temperature-sensitive incubation combined with terrace soil burial-age measurements. Results showed that although buried terrace soils contained 1.7 times more unprotected SOC (i.e., coarse particulate organic carbon) than non-terraced soils at comparable soil depths, a significantly lower potential soil respiration was observed relative to a control (non-terraced) profile. This suggests that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided a mechanism for stabilizing SOC. Furthermore, we observed a shift in SOC fraction composition from particulate organic C towards mineral-protected C with increasing burial age. This clear shift to more processed recalcitrant SOC with soil burial age also contributes to SOC stability in terraced soils. Temperature sensitivity incubations revealed that the dominant controls on Q10 depend on the terrace soil burial age. At relatively younger ages of soil burial, the reduction in substrate availability due to SOC mineral protection with aging attenuates the intrinsic Q10 of SOC decomposition. However, as terrace soil becomes older, SOC stocks in deep buried horizons are characterized by a higher temperature sensitivity, potentially resulting from the poor SOC quality (i.e., soil C:N ratio). In conclusion, terracing in our study site has stabilized SOC as a result of soil burial during terrace construction. The depth–age patterns of Q10 and SOC fraction composition of terraced soils observed in our study site differ from those seen in non-terraced soils, and this has implications when assessing the effects of climate warming and terrace abandonment on the terrestrial C cycle.

Reclamation of ancient agricultural terraces in the Negev Highlands; soil, archeological, hydrological, and topographical perspectives

“…The ancient retaining walls directly increased the land stability in both floodwater irrigation systems, which was expressed by a higher fine particles content, and organic matter that formed bio‐cementation compounds and stabilized aggregates (Rao et al, 2021; Zhao et al, 2021). The biocrust, except for its positive influence on soil fertility, by enriching the soil with fixed carbon and nitrogen production (Barger et al, 2016; Sancho et al, 2016), enhanced soil surface stability by gluing the soil particles (Zaady et al, 2016).…”

Influence of DEM Resolution on the Hydrological Responses of a Terraced Catchment: An Exploratory Modelling Approach

“…The ridges and embankments created by terraces, promote water infiltration [4,5] playing an important role not only in the interception of runoff but also on the stabilization of hillslopes, which further promote the evolution of soil layers, especially on sloped hills with shallow soils or with bare soil backgrounds [6,7]. This practice has also been found to provide other important ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration [8][9][10]. In a recent review paper [11], aside from highlighting the ecological benefits of terraces (e.g., reduction on runoff and promotion of water conservation, erosion control and soil conservation, increase of crop yields, and protection of biodiversity), we have also pointed out their potential disadvantages (e.g., disruption of water circulation, mass movement in poorly designed terraces, and soil erosion after terrace abandonment).…”