Soil properties and performance of landmine detection by metal detector and ground-penetrating radar — Soil characterisation and its verification by a field test

Takahashi, Kazunori; Preetz, Holger; Igel, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.02.008

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This interest has been driven by the realization that soil mineralogy is of considerable importance for modern land mine detection sensors, which often use high-frequency GPR (Takahashi et al, 2011), by the plans to include a high-frequency GPR system on one of the future Mars rovers (e.g., Ciarletti et al, 2011), and by the increased use of high-frequency GPR systems in engineering fields where magnetic material is likely encountered (Cassidy and Millington, 2009). In addition, ferrimagnetic minerals in soils may affect retrieval of soil moisture using C-and L-band radiometers and microwave satellite sensors, although this is not discussed in the relevant literature (e.g., Jackson et al, 1999;Moran et al, 2004;Barrett et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, new interest in the issue of ferrimagnetic minerals in the environment has arisen due to the effect they can have on the performance of GPR and other electromagnetic sensors. Areas of particular interest are related to Mars exploration programs (Coey et al, 1990;Grant et al, 2003;Leuschen et al, 2003;Bertelsen et al, 2004;Stillman and Olhoeft, 2008;Ciarletti et al, 2011), the detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and land mines (Van Dam et al, 2005;Takahashi et al, 2011), and civil engineering applications such as imaging of corroded steel-reinforced concrete and soils containing waste material of smelting operations (Cassidy and Millington, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of magnetite on high-frequency ground-penetrating radar

et al. 2013

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Large concentrations of magnetite in sedimentary deposits and soils with igneous parent material have been reported to affect geophysical sensor performance. We have undertaken the first systematic experimental effort to understand the effects of magnetite for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) characterization of the shallow subsurface. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study how homogeneous magnetite-sand mixtures and magnetite concentrated in layers affect the propagation behavior (velocity, attenuation) of high-frequency GPR waves and the reflection characteristics of a buried target. Important observations were that magnetite had a strong effect on signal velocity and reflection, at magnitudes comparable to what has been observed in small-scale laboratory experiments that measured electromagnetic properties of magnetite-silica mixtures. Magnetite also altered signal attenuation and affected the reflection characteristics of buried targets. Our results indicated important implications for several fields, including land mine detection, Martian exploration, engineering, and moisture mapping using satellite remote sensing and radiometers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of magnetite on high-frequency ground-penetrating radar

et al. 2013

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“…These studies, allow to conclude that the electromagnetic properties of soils are highly influent in the detector performance, especially when soils have relative magnetic permeability different from 1. It was experimentally confirmed in [1], these results show that a detector can decrease its probability of detection and increase its false alarms rate, when the soil is magnetic. Taking into consideration that a detector needs a strategy to diminish the effect of soil in its performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…To fulfill this, several results obtained with an edge based FEM simulator, and an analytical model were used.The main objective of the proposed detector is to diminish the influence of the soil in the detector performance, given that this is an important problem on landmine detection [1]. By using numerical modeling could be demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed design.…”

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confidence: 99%

Design Proposal of a Metal Detector for Humanitarian Demining

Buitrago¹,

Moreno²,

Miller³

2017

IJET

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Abstract-In this research work, a novel design of a metal detector is proposed. To fulfill this, several results obtained with an edge based FEM simulator, and an analytical model were used.The main objective of the proposed detector is to diminish the influence of the soil in the detector performance, given that this is an important problem on landmine detection [1]. By using numerical modeling could be demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed design. Keywords: Demining,Electromagnetic fields, Humanitarian demining, Landmines, Metal detectors, Numerical modeling.I. INTRODUCTION According to [2] a receiver coil will get the field induced directly by the transmitter coil, the field induced by the soil and the field induced by buried objects. Usually, a metal detector senses the sum of those induced fields and it should discern the presence of a metal from the mix of fields [2].The field induced directly by the transmitter coil on the receiver coil could be excluded from the measure; given that, it generates a constant voltage. Commonly, this voltage is measured during the detector construction, and it is defined as a threshold or zero reference level, it could require periodic calibration and it could show important problems when the battery is discharging.By other side, it is necessary to recognize the signal produced by soil, the soil itself induces a voltage in the receiver coil that could be construed as the presence of a metal. Usually it is necessary to do some calibration procedures with commercial detectors, before the detection process is made; however, soil can show variable electromagnetic properties and the detector would work decalibrated.II. METHODSThe influence of soils in metal detector performance has been studied previously. Theoretically, by using analytical models in [2] ,[3] y [4], by using a numerical modeling. These studies, allow to conclude that the electromagnetic properties of soils are highly influent in the detector performance, especially when soils have relative magnetic permeability different from 1. It was experimentally confirmed in [1], these results show that a detector can decrease its probability of detection and increase its false alarms rate, when the soil is magnetic. Taking into consideration that a detector needs a strategy to diminish the effect of soil in its performance.In order to calculate the induced field of a buried metal a finite elements simulator was developed. In this simulator the model presented in [6] was implemented using the Matlab software This design proposal aims to vanish the voltage induced directly by the transmitter coil, and the voltage induced by soil, in order to avoid a pair of calibrations.To fulfill this, it is needed to analyze the induced magnetic fields behavior in the scenario of Fig.1, a horizontal coil over a half space.

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“…Permittivity greatly influences the electromagnetic wave propagation in terms of velocity, intrinsic impedance and reflectivity. In natural soils, dielectric permittivity might have a larger influence than electric conductivity and magnetic permeability (Lampe & Holliger, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dielectric Permittivitymentioning

confidence: 99%