Soil Properties and Trace Elements Contents Following 40 Years of Phosphate Fertilization

Abstract

Long-term application of P fertilizers may eventually result in excess and/or toxic accumulations of trace elements and microelements in soil. The effect of monoammonium-phosphate (MAP) on basic soil properties (pH, CEC, texture), the total content of C, N, and F, hot acid-extractable Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Co, As, Hg, and F, and the content of extractable macro- and trace elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, F) were studied on a Stagnosol soil. Phosphate fertilizer had been applied (26, 39, and 52 kg P ha(-1)) over a 40-yr period. Phosphorus fertilization significantly decreased pH and increased clay content of the soil. Increases were detected in available P, exchangeable Al, Ca, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and clay content. The content of hot acid-extractable Pb increased, whereas the content of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-extractable Pb decreased in accordance with applied rates of MAP. The status of some hot acid-extractable trace elements (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Co) did not change after 40 yr of MAP application, whereas Hg and Cd increased. However, despite the statistically significant increases in the amounts of some potentially toxic elements, they did not accumulate to concentrations considered toxic as overall concentrations are far below the maximum allowed concentrations for natural unpolluted soils.

Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Brunei Darussalam and Their Relationship with Selected Soil Properties

“…According to Table 3 and 4, Limau Manis and Selapon have the highest amount of P (9.7 mg/kg) and manganese (406.1 mg/kg) among the study. The same findings were reported by [7,13,14] Cd is associated with manganese-oxide in soil andtriple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer was primary supply of Cd toward soils as it has 0.1-170 mg/kg of Cd. We observed that TSP used by Brunei Darussalam carried 2.87 mg/kg of Cd.…”

Effects of black locust and black pine on extremely degraded sites 60 years after afforestation - a case study of the Grdelica Gorge (southeastern Serbia)

“…Soil organic carbon (C) was measured using the Tjurin method (Nelson & Sommers 1996) and total nitrogen (N) using the Kjeldahl method (Bremner 1960, ISO-11261 1995. After extraction, the available P and K were determined by the Egner-Riehm method (Cakmak et al 2010). All analyses were performed in 2 replicates.…”

Differential responses of one hundred tomato genotypes grown under cadmium stress

“…Heavy metal stress is becoming a major challenge to crop plants, particularly to vegetable crops, because of soil contamination. These heavy metals are derived from city/industrial effluent (Cai et al, 2010(Cai et al, , 2012Wang et al, 2013), electronic waste recycling/dismantling activities Zheng et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2013), mining and smelting (Zhao et al, 2012;Tai et al, 2013), fertilizers and pesticides (Brady and Weil, 1996;Atafar et al, 2010;Cakmak et al, 2010;Nacke et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013), and auto mobile depositions (Turer et al, 2001(Turer et al, , 2003; additionally, waste water/sewage water can be a major source of heavy metals in areas where raw sewage water is used for irrigation Wang et al, 2013). As heavy metals are not biodegradable and can accumulate in human organs, ingestion of vegetables that have been irrigated with contaminated water poses a serious risk to human health.…”