Soil quality effects on regeneration of annual<i>Medicago</i>pastures in the Swartland of South Africa

Swanepoel, Pieter A.; Tshuma, Flackson

doi:10.2989/10220119.2017.1403462

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to the USDA soil taxonomy and the International Classification Systems, these soils are classified as peducutanic‐lithic and glossic (IUSS Working Group, ; Soil Survey Staff, ). Soil fertility attributes were within the acceptable range for canola production (Table ) and corresponded to the typical situation in the region (Swanepoel & Tshuma, ). Soils had a sandy‐loam texture.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

Canola is injured by in‐row nitrogen placement associated with disc openers, but not by tine openers

Swanepoel

Labuschagne

2020

Crop Science

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Seed drills are used in no‐tillage systems to place seed directly in soil. Various furrow openers exist, each with unique seed and fertilizer placement characteristics, particularly positioning of fertilizer in relation to the position of the seed. Seedling damage may occur if seed and fertilizer placement is not appropriate for the particular crop. Canola (Brassica napus L.) seed is small, resulting in seedlings susceptible to injury by fertilizers. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in‐row N placement with a seed drill fitted with single‐ and double‐chute tine openers, and disc openers. The study was performed in a Mediterranean‐type climate region in South Africa over 2 yr. Plant establishment was reduced by 48% when canola was established with disc openers with no separation between N and the seed (P < .05). Tine openers were most successful in establishing an acceptable plant population, as well as ensuring high biomass production throughout the season, leading to a high leaf area index. Although no yield differences (P > .05) were observed between openers, it was concluded that the application of N in the band at the same position as the seed is a risk. Tine openers, either with a single or double seed chute, that separate seed and fertilizer resulted in the best canola performance.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 58%

Canola is injured by in‐row nitrogen placement associated with disc openers, but not by tine openers

Swanepoel

Labuschagne

2020

Crop Science

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“…Most farmers do not have specialized seeding equipment for different crops, and it is typical on Western Cape farms for farmers to use the same seeding equipment to establish both wheat and canola. Previous research in Western Cape conditions indicates that disc openers may promote better establishment of wheat, particularly where soil quality is low (Swanepoel et al, 2017). Given that no yield differences were observed between disc and tine openers for canola in this study, a disc opener seems preferable for farmers whose main crops are wheat and canola, as the disc may benefit the wheat and would not disadvantage canola.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The effectiveness of different seeding equipment may vary with soil quality, particularly soil physical condition (Swanepoel et al, 2017), and so a range of biological, chemical, and physical soil characteristics were measured on each location on the farm used for the study. Representative soil samples were taken from each location prior to planting.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Trial Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like in many parts in the world, in the Western Cape of South Africa, multiple advantages have been observed from implementing these practices in dryland farming systems. Conservation agriculture practices have been associated with increased soil quality (Swanepoel and Tshuma, 2017), increased water holding capacity, reduced reliance on mineral fertilizers, reduced risk of soil erosion (Meadows, 2003), reduced weed pressure (MacLaren et al, 2018), interruption of pest and disease cycles (Lamprecht et al, 2011), financial risk mitigation and increased profitability (Knott, 2015;Basson 2017). Subsequently, CA adoption levels have been high, particularly for no-tillage and crop diversity (Smith et al, 2017).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed‐Drill Opener Type and Crop Residue Load Affect Canola Establishment, but Only Residue Load Affects Yield

et al. 2019

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Core Ideas Canola establishment can be affected by the residues of the previous crop.Different planting tools may handle crop residue differently.Tine and disc furrow openers at different residue loads were tested.Canola performed best when established with tine openers and when residue load is low. Handling crop residue during planting operations is a challenge to conservation agriculture (CA) farmers worldwide. It remains unclear which tools are most effective in which conditions. Canola (Brassica napus L.), an oilseed crop widely used in rotation with cereals, is particularly sensitive to seedbed conditions, and thus may be influenced by residue loads and the choice of seed‐drill openers. To identify optimal planting practices, this study compared the performance of disc and tine openers on canola establishment, growth, and yield under differing residue loads in a Mediterranean‐type climate region. First, soil disturbance caused by disc and tine openers was evaluated to assess their effect on seedbed conditions; and second, the interacting effects of the openers with different residue loads was investigated. Tine openers and low crop residue loads resulted in the best (P < 0.05) canola establishment. However, canola at reduced plant populations compensated in both biomass and grain yield, so that no yield differences resulted from different opener types, and only small yield differences occurred between residue loads (P > 0.05).

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“…Salinity and sodicity are among the most widespread environmental factors limiting crop production globally, particularly in arid and semiarid climates (du Preez & van Huyssteen, 2020; Geissler, Hussin, & Koyro, 2010; Swanepoel & Tshuma, 2017). In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, a decline in river water quality over time has indicated that soil salinity and sodicity are increasing across the region (Görgens & de Clercq, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salinity on the germination of wheat and barley in South Africa

Bagwasi

Agenbag

Swanepoel

2020

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Field crops are most susceptible to salt stress in the early stages of growth. There is a general belief that barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is more salt‐tolerant than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet little is known regarding the response of different South African wheat and barley cultivars to saline conditions. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of salinity on seed germination in three South African spring wheat cultivars (SST 027, SST 056, and SST 087) and three spring barley cultivars (Nemesia, Erica, and Hessekwa). The experiment was conducted in petri dishes in a growth incubator at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 7 d. Seeds were exposed to five NaCl solutions with electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS m−1 and were compared with those exposed to a solution with an EC of 0 dS m−1 (distilled water), which served as a control. The experiment design was a completely randomized design. The study showed that salinity influenced seed germination in all wheat and barley cultivars. Although all cultivars showed a reduction in total germination percentage with increasing salinity from EC levels of 0 to 20 dS m−1, the differences were only significant (P < .05) at high EC levels (16–20 dS m−1). Wheat cultivars outperformed barley cultivars at EC levels of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS m−1. The study showed that salinity influenced seed germination in both wheat and barley, but barley was less salt‐tolerant during germination than wheat.

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Soil quality effects on regeneration of annualMedicagopastures in the Swartland of South Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Canola is injured by in‐row nitrogen placement associated with disc openers, but not by tine openers

Canola is injured by in‐row nitrogen placement associated with disc openers, but not by tine openers

Seed‐Drill Opener Type and Crop Residue Load Affect Canola Establishment, but Only Residue Load Affects Yield

Effect of salinity on the germination of wheat and barley in South Africa

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