Soil respiration of forest ecosystems in gradients of environmental pollution by emissions from copper smelters

Smorkalov, I. A.; Воробейчик, Е. Л.

doi:10.1134/s1067413611060166

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the effect of contamination on soil res piration was slight near the Middle Ural and the Karabash copper smelling plants (in spruce fir and birch forests, respectively). The respiration dropped sharply only in the technogenic wasteland and did not depend on the distance from the contamination sources, metal content in the forest litter, or its acidity (Smorkalov and Vorobeichik, 2011). Contrary to other microbiological characteristics, the respiration of fresh soil samples taken along a 34 km long transect set from the Severonikel' plant (the Kola Peninsula) did not depend on HM contamination (Paton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The intensity of CO 2 emission from soils of birch forests of the background and buffering zone was higher than in coniferous forests near the copper smelting plants in the Ural Mountains, though these differences were not always statistically reliable (Smorkalov and Vorobeichik, 2011). Deciduous for ests are usually characterized by a higher intensity of soil respiration, because the soils under them are rich in nutrients and the litter decomposition is more intensive in them than in coniferous forests (Raich and Tufekcioglu, 2000;Khomik et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

2015

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Carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ) is the most important part of carbon turnover, which character izes the biological activity of soils. This parameter was investigated in background ecosystems and those that have undergone atmospheric contamination in the subarctic zone of the Kola Peninsula, the large industrial region. The Pechenganikel' plant located in the region is the largest source of sulfur dioxide and heavy metals in northern Europe. Long term contamination by its waste products has resulted in a technogenic digression of forest ecosystems: destruction and death of the tree layer, poorer species composition of phytocenoses, lower soil biota activity, soil contamination, disturbance of biogeochemical cycles of elements, and a drop in ecosystem productivity. Technogenic wastelands have been formed near the plant. Field studies have shown a slowing down of CO 2 emission by soils in situ from 190-230 C-CO 2 /m 2 h in the background pine forests to 130-160 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in pine forests at the defoliation stage, to 100 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in a technogenic pine thin forest, and to 5-20 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in technogenic wastelands. CO 2 emission from soils is more intensive in birch forests when compared to pine forests, and there is a tendency to decrease with soil con tamination from 290 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in the background soils to 210-220 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in birch forests at the defoliation stage and to 170-190 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in technogenic thin forests. The CO 2 emission by soils of technogenic thin soils and wastelands differs significant from the background levels. Soil CO 2 emis sion is characterized by a great spatial variability within biogeocenoses. It becomes lower in pine forests upon a rise in soil contamination. Soil respiration (CO 2 emission) shows the total production of carbon dioxide as a result of autotrophic (plant roots) and heterotrophic (soil microorganisms and animals) respiration. A decrease in part of the root respiration, contrary to soil contamination, was revealed in the region for the first time: it comprises from 38-57% in the background forests to 0% in wastelands. This is evidence that plants in biogeocenoses die first, while microorganisms are more resistant. Correlation analysis shows that soil res piration, and the role of roots in it, are directly related to the distance from the plant, the mass of small roots, and the content of carbon and nitrogen. An adverse correlation is seen for the content of available nickel and copper compounds in soils. The remediation of technogenic wastelands has favored intensification of biolog ical activity of the soils. Soil respiration becomes more active, and the role of roots in it is more effective under willow plantations with grass cover formed on man made fertile soil layer than in contaminated soils after lime and fertilizer application (chemo phytostabilization).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

2015

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“…Three zones can be distinguished along the contamination gradient, impact, buffer, and background zones (1-3 km, 4-7 km, and 20-30 km away from the smelter, respectively), representing successive stages of industrial degradation of native spruce-fir forest ecosystems (Smorkalov and Vorobeichik 2011). There is detailed information available on the study area with regard to the effect of metal pollution on soil properties (Kaigorodova and Vorobeichik 1996;Vorobeichik and Kaigorodova 2017), in particular with regard to the effect of metal pollution on the thickness of forest litter (Korkina and Vorobeichik 2018;Vorobeichik 1995) and the state of soil organic matter (Korkina and Vorobeichik 2018;Prokopovich and Kaigorodova 1999).…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is detailed information available on the study area with regard to the effect of metal pollution on soil properties (Kaigorodova and Vorobeichik 1996;Vorobeichik and Kaigorodova 2017), in particular with regard to the effect of metal pollution on the thickness of forest litter (Korkina and Vorobeichik 2018;Vorobeichik 1995) and the state of soil organic matter (Korkina and Vorobeichik 2018;Prokopovich and Kaigorodova 1999). Likewise, there is detailed information on the effect of metal pollution on tree stand (Usoltsev et al 2012), herbaceous vegetation (Vorobeichik et al 2014), soil fungi (Mikryukov et al 2015), soil respiration (Smorkalov and Vorobeichik 2011;Smorkalov and Vorobeichik 2016), soil-dwelling macroinvertebrates (Vorobeichik 1998;Vorobeichik et al 2019;Vorobeichik et al 2012), soil microarthropods, and ground running macroinvertebrates (Ermakov 2004). Some of this information is summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Soil Sampling and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Elongation Method for the Quality Assessment of Metal-Polluted Soils: Whole Soil or Soil-Water Extract?

Prudnikova

Neaman

Терехова

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Root elongation method may be implemented using two internationally accepted protocols: exposing plants to either soil-water extract or whole soil. But which of the two protocols is more suitable for root elongation analysis undertaken for the quality assessment of metal-polluted soils? Soils were sampled at various distances from the site of the Middle Urals Copper Smelter located in Russia. White mustard was used as a bioindicator. We observed considerable differences in root elongation under the two protocols. In plants grown in whole soil, root length inversely correlated with pollution index, but in soil-water extract, metal concentrations had no effect on root length. Nutrient and metal concentrations in the soil-water extract were not buffered, due to the absence of the solid soil phase. It is for this reason that in highly polluted soils, root growth was greater in soil-water extracts rather than in whole soils, whereas in background soils (in the absence of toxicity), root growth was greater in whole soils compared with soil-water extracts. The quantity, intensity, and capacity factors are a plausible explanation for the differences in root length between the two protocols. The soil-water extract does not represent actual soil with respect to the desorptiondissolution reactions that take place between the soil solid phase and the soil solution. For this reason, whole soil protocol should be used for measuring root elongation given that only under this protocol, direct contact between metal-polluted soil and test organisms correctly replicates the risks inherent in the actual soil habitat.

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“…Respiration studies on polluted soils are mostly performed in the lab under controlled conditions, as natural fluctuations of environmental variables were regarded as problematic, hampering interpretation from the effect of pollutants (Brookes 1995). Indeed, responses of in situ basal respiration (BR) to metal contamination have not been consistent so far (Bian et al 2015;Ramsey et al 2005a;Ramsey et al 2005b;Smorkalov and Vorobeichik 2011). However, soil sampling and processing disrupts the intimate relations between microorganisms, plant roots and soil particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nitrogen cycling in a lead polluted grassland evaluated using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and microbial, plant and soil parameters

Rijk

Ekblad

2020

Plant Soil

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Aims Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are key ecosystem functions potentially altered by heavy metal pollution. We used an ecosystem approach to study the long-term effect of lead (Pb) on C and N cycles in a natural grassland in a former shooting range. Methods Microbial activity was evaluated by substrateinduced respiration (SIR) in situ, adding isotopically labelled C 4-sugar to the soil. C and N contents and natural abundance of isotopes were measured in grass leaves, soil and microbial biomass together with root biomass. Results A reduced microbial activity and microbial biomass per area, together with a higher soil C stock and C:N ratio suggested a lower microbial decomposition in high Pb compared to low Pb areas. A more closed N cycle in the high Pb area was indicated by 2-3‰ lower δ 15 N in leaves and soil compared to low Pb areas. Higher δ 13 C in leaves and higher root biomass but similar leaf nutrient contents indicated plant responses and adaptions to the high Pb. Conclusions The applied ecosystem approach revealed that Pb slowed down the C and N cycles, possibly by indirect effects rather than by direct toxicity. The ecosystem seems to have adapted to altered conditions.

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Soil respiration of forest ecosystems in gradients of environmental pollution by emissions from copper smelters

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

Root Elongation Method for the Quality Assessment of Metal-Polluted Soils: Whole Soil or Soil-Water Extract?

Carbon and nitrogen cycling in a lead polluted grassland evaluated using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and microbial, plant and soil parameters

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