Soil steaming to reduce intrarow weed seedling emergence

Melander, Bo; Jørgensen, Martin Grønbech

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00449.x

Cited by 60 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…the stale seed-bed technique) but cheaper than chemical geodisinfestation treatments with fumigants (Peruzzi et al, 2002a and2002b). Soil steaming is also particularly indicated for preventive weed management in scarcely competitive crops, and it has been used for "band-steaming" experimental trials in Denmark (Melander et al 2002 and2004;Melander & Jørgensen 2005) and Sweden (Hansson & Svensson, 2004). Soil steaming has an instantaneous effect, while other physical soil disinfection methods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

et al. 2010

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Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities to agricultural management systems and to improve the predictive power of weed science. Under this framework, weed community assembly is constrained by abiotic and biotic “filters” that act on species traits to determine community composition. We used an assembly approach to investigate the response of weed seed banks to 25 yr of management-related filtering in three different row-crop management systems in southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, organic legume-based, and conventional. Weed seed banks were sampled in April of 2005 and 2006 and quantified by direct germination in a greenhouse. We also assessed the filtering effects of weed management practices and relationships between assembled seed bank and emergent weed communities by allowing or excluding weed control practices within each management system and measuring emergent weed community response. Germinable weed seed bank densities and species richness in the final year of the study were over 40% and 15% higher, respectively, in the organic systems relative to the conventional system. Seed bank community structure in the organic systems was different from the conventional system, and the relationships between assembled seed banks and the emergent flora varied. Primary tillage, weed control, timing of planting, and fertility management appeared to be the main filters that differentiated weed seed banks in the three systems. Weed life history, emergence periodicity, seed size, and responsiveness to soil fertility and hydrology appeared to be the most important functional traits determining how weed species responded to management-related filters. Our results suggest that management systems can exert strong filtering effects that can persist over relatively long (greater than one growing season) time scales. Legacy effects of community-level filtering might be more important than previously assumed, and should be incorporated into predictive models of weed community assembly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

et al. 2010

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“…Appropriately timed burns are effective for weed seed control (DiTomaso et al 2005), but are not permitted in many conservation reserves. Finally, solarization, or solar heat sterilization, can be used to control the seedbank in the top layer of soil by heating it to the point where seeds, pathogens, and other organisms cannot survive (Horowitz et al 1983; Elmore et al 1997; Melander & Jorgensen 2005). While the term solarization generally refers to soil sterilization, “tarping” may be used to denote everything from soil sterilization to plant suppression, and may not involve total sterilization of soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Exotic Annual Grasses to Restore Native Forbs in Abandoned Agricultural Land

Marushia

Allen

2011

Restoration Ecology

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Exotic annual grasses are a major challenge to successful restoration in temperate and Mediterranean climates. Experiments to restore abandoned agricultural fields from exotic grassland to coastal sage scrub habitat were conducted over two years in southern California, U.S.A. Grass control methods were tested in 5 m 2 plots using soil and vegetation treatments seeded with a mix of natives. The treatments compared grass-specific herbicide, mowing, and black plastic winter solarization with disking and a control. In year two, herbicide and mowing treatments were repeated on the first-year plots, plus new control and solarization plots were added. Treatments were evaluated using percent cover, richness and biomass of native and exotic plants. Disking alone reduced exotic grasses, but solarization was the most effective control in both years even without soil sterilization, and produced the highest cover of natives. Native richness was greatest in solarization and herbicide plots. Herbicide application reduced exotics and increased natives more than disking or mowing, but produced higher exotic forb biomass than solarization in the second year. Mowing reduced grass biomass and cover in both years, but did not improve native establishment more than disking. Solarization was the most effective restoration method, but grass-specific herbicide may be a valuable addition or alternative. Solarization using black plastic could improve restoration in regions with cool, wet summers or winter growing seasons by managing exotic seedbanks prior to seeding. While solarization may be impractical at very large scales, it will be useful for rapid establishment of annual assemblages on small scales.

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“…Most research on steam for pest control has been conducted on high-value ornamental and vegetable/fruit crops including cut flowers (Rainbolt et al, 2013), tomatoes (Luvisi et al, 2008), strawberries (Samtani et al, 2012;Fennimore et al, 2014), and other crops (Triolo et al, 2004) produced in either flat field plots or raised beds. Steam has been demonstrated to produce temperatures in soil high enough to control soilborne pests including nematodes (Van Loenen et al, 2003), soilborne fungal pathogens (Van Loenen et al, 2003;Triolo et al, 2004;Luvisi et al, 2008), and weeds (Van Loenen et al, 2003;Melander and Jorgensen, 2005;Raffaelli et al, 2016). Challenges for steam application include adequate heating of soil, consistency of heat transfer rates in different soil types, variability in water content of soil, and cost effectiveness of treatments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Steam and Soil Solarization for Meloidogyne arenaria Control in Florida Floriculture Crops

Kokalis-Burelle

Rosskopf

Butler

et al. 2016

Journal of Nematology

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Steam and soil solarization were investigated for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in 2 yr of field trials on a commercial flower farm in Florida. The objective was to determine if preplant steam treatments in combination with solarization, or solarization alone effectively controlled nematodes compared to methyl bromide (MeBr). Trials were conducted in a field with naturally occurring populations of M. arenaria. Treatments were solarization alone, steam treatment after solarization using standard 7.6-cm-diameter perforated plastic drain tile (steam 1), steam treatment following solarization using custom-drilled plastic drain tile with 1.6-mm holes spaced every 3.8 cm (steam 2), and MeBr applied at 392 kg/ha 80:20 MeBr:chloropicrin. Drain tiles were buried approximately 35 cm deep with four tiles per 1.8 by 30 m plot. Steam application followed a 4-wk solarization period concluding in mid-October. All steam was generated using a Sioux propane boiler system. Plots were steamed for sufficient time to reach the target temperature of 708C for 20 min. Solarization plastic was retained on the plots during steaming and plots were covered with a single layer of carpet padding to provide additional insulation. The floriculture crops larkspur (Delphinium elatum and Delphinium 3 belladonna), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were produced according to standard commercial practices. One month after treatment in both years of the study, soil populations of M. arenaria were lower in both steam treatments and in MeBr compared to solarization alone. At the end of the season in both years, galling on larkspur, snapdragon, and sunflowers was lower in both steam treatments than in solarization. Both steam treatments also provided control of M. arenaria in soil at the end of the season comparable to, or exceeding that provided by MeBr. Both steam treatments also reduced M. arenaria in snapdragon roots comparable to, or exceeding control with MeBr. Meloidogyne arenaria in soil increased in solarization alone. Solarization alone also had higher gall ratings on larkspur, snapdragon, and sunflower than all other treatments. Steam provided excellent control of M. arenaria in this study.

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Soil steaming to reduce intrarow weed seedling emergence

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

Control of Exotic Annual Grasses to Restore Native Forbs in Abandoned Agricultural Land

Evaluation of Steam and Soil Solarization for Meloidogyne arenaria Control in Florida Floriculture Crops

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