Soil thermal dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States from 1948 to 2008: an analysis with a process-based soil physical model and AmeriFlux data

Hao, Guangcun; Zhuang, Qianlai; Pan, Jianjun; Jin, Zhenong; Zhu, Xudong; Liu, Shaoqing

doi:10.1007/s10584-014-1196-y

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, Zhu et al (2018) found that the spatial distribution of the soil warming rates on the Tibetan Plateau was closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall. Similar results were also reported for the Eurasian continent (Hu and Feng, 2005), Canada (Qian et al, 2011), Turkey (Yeşilırmak, 2014) and the United States (Hao et al, 2014). In addition, soil temperature may also be affected by snow cover conditions (Lawrence and Slater, 2010), and site specific soil properties (Kurylyk et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…This result may be due to soil moisture feedback; that is, a decrease in precipitation can warm the soil by decreasing surface wetness and soil moisture and then reducing energy consumption for evaporation (Zhang et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2018). Similar results have been detected for the Eurasian continent (Hu and Feng, 2005), Canada (Qian et al, 2011), Turkey (Yeşilırmak, 2014) and the United States (Hao et al, 2014). However, almost no statistical correlation was detected for the relationship between T 0-20 and precipitation in other vegetation regions ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Soil temperature change and its regional differences under different vegetation regions across China

Wang

Chen

Han

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Changes in soil temperature will exert an important influence on the management and utilization of vegetation and agricultural production, whereas the spatiotemporal variations in soil temperature under different vegetation regions across China remain largely unknown. The shallow soil temperatures (0-20 cm) during the growing season (May-September) from 1965 to 2014 across China were analysed, and the findings showed that the spatial distribution of shallow soil temperature was determined primarily by latitude in eastern China (east of 110 E), and by altitude in western China (west of 110 E) with some high (low) temperature centres. The vegetation regions with relatively low soil temperatures are mainly concentrated in high altitude and high latitude areas, which have relatively large differences in soil temperature at different depths and relatively high soil warming rates. Over the past 50 years, shallow soil temperatures increased greatly during the growing season at the site, vegetation region and nation scales, but the warming rate and its relationship with climate change varied greatly. The soil temperature variables were affected substantially by air temperature and precipitation in the subtropical forest and tropical forest regions but were affected primarily by air temperature in the other vegetation regions. This difference may be due to the spatial difference in precipitation amounts across China, which affected the soil temperature via soil moisture feedback. Further study indicated that the warming rate in shallow soil was higher in stations (vegetation regions) with less precipitation than in those with more precipitation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Soil temperature change and its regional differences under different vegetation regions across China

Wang

Chen

Han

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…In general, changes in precipitation can contribute to soil temperature variability, which has been detected in the Eurasian continent (Hu and Feng, 2005), Canada (Qian et al ., 2011), Turkey (Yeşilırmak, 2014), and the USA (Hao et al ., 2014). A decrease in the amount of precipitation can decrease surface wetness and soil moisture, which consequently reduces the energy consumption for evaporation and eventually warms the soil through soil moisture feedback (Zhang et al ., 2001; Wang et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, changes in precipitation can contribute to soil temperature variability, which has been detected in F I G U R E 7 Spatial distributions of the correlation coefficient for the relationship between the mean shallow soil temperature (T 0-20 ) and precipitation across the QTP for 50 years . Stations with positive/negative correlation are further differentiated as significant (plus/minus sign) and non-significant (plus/minus sign with a circle, also denoted NS in the figure legend) at p < 0.1 the Eurasian continent (Hu and Feng, 2005), Canada (Qian et al, 2011), Turkey (Yeşilırmak, 2014), and the USA (Hao et al, 2014). A decrease in the amount of precipitation can decrease surface wetness and soil moisture, which consequently reduces the energy consumption for evaporation and eventually warms the soil through soil moisture feedback (Zhang et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Relationship Between Soil Temperature and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of shallow soil temperature to climate change on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Wang

Chen

Han

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Under climate change, soil temperature change remarkably influences regional landscapes, ecosystems, hydrological processes, and other parameters. Based on daily soil temperature data from 56 stations from 1965 to 2014, the spatiotemporal variations in shallow soil temperature (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) were investigated. The mean shallow soil temperature decreased obviously with altitude both annually and seasonally, except in winter. Primarily dependent on station latitude, the spatial distribution of winter soil temperature was significantly affected by the snow cover conditions. As the soil depth increased, the soil temperature showed a cooling trend in spring and summer but a warming trend in autumn and winter. In the past 50 years, the shallow soil temperature increased considerably on the QTP both annually and seasonally. The warming rate of soil temperature was greatly dependent on station altitude in winter and dependent on latitude in summer and longitude in autumn. Unlike the increasing air temperature that was contributed mainly by winter, the warming rate of soil temperature in winter at depths of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm was obviously lower than that in other seasons and air temperature in winter. This occurrence may be caused by relatively less snow cover in winter, which produces a weak insulation effect and further makes the soils more vulnerable to cooling from cold air. For the entire region, the soil temperature variability was strongly correlated with the change in air temperature but weakly correlated with precipitation. Although the warming rate in shallow soil tended to be low (high) at stations with a high amount of precipitation (snow cover), the influence of precipitation (including snow) on shallow soil temperature was limited on the QTP in the past few decades.

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“…However, more data on long‐term soil temperature trends are becoming available. Data analyses from the United States (Hao et al, ; Hu & Feng, ; Mohler & Harrington, ; Smerdon et al, ), Canada (Beltrami & Kellman, ; Zhang et al, ), and Europe (García‐Suárez & Butler, ; Jungqvist et al, ) all report evidence of soil warming in the recent past. Additionally, Cuesta‐Valero et al (2016) brought attention to the question of how global Earth system models (ESMs) simulate soil heat storage and reported that models participating in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) projected considerable warming at 1‐m depth and generally follow the warming trajectories as for surface air temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMIP5 Models Predict Rapid and Deep Soil Warming Over the 21st Century

et al. 2020

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Despite the fundamental importance of soil temperature for Earth's carbon and energy budgets, ecosystem functioning, and agricultural production, studies of climate change impacts on soil processes have mainly relied on air temperatures, assuming they are accurate proxies for soil temperatures. We evaluated changes in soil temperature, moisture, and air temperature predicted over the 21st century from 14 Earth system models. The model ensemble predicted a global mean soil warming of 2.3 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 1.1 °C at 100‐cm depth by the end of the 21st century for RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Soils at 100 cm warmed at almost exactly the same rate as near‐surface (~1 cm) soils. Globally, soil warming was slightly slower than air warming above it, and this difference increased over the 21st century. Regionally, soil warming kept pace with air warming in tropical and arid regions but lagged air warming in colder regions. Thus, air warming is not necessarily a good proxy for soil warming in cold regions where snow and ice impede the direct transfer of sensible heat from the atmosphere to soil. Despite this effect, high‐latitude soils were still projected to warm faster than elsewhere, albeit at slower rates than surface air above them. When compared with observations, the models were able to capture soil thermal dynamics in most biomes, but some failed to recreate thermal properties in permafrost regions. Particularly in cold regions, using soil warming rather than air warming projections may improve predictions of temperature‐sensitive soil processes.

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Soil thermal dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States from 1948 to 2008: an analysis with a process-based soil physical model and AmeriFlux data

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Soil temperature change and its regional differences under different vegetation regions across China

Soil temperature change and its regional differences under different vegetation regions across China

Response of shallow soil temperature to climate change on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

CMIP5 Models Predict Rapid and Deep Soil Warming Over the 21st Century

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