Soil-Transmitted Helminths: The Neglected Parasites

Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian; Moktar, Norhayati; Ngui, Romano

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1553-4_11

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 92 publications

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“…In neighbouring Southeast Asian countries, higher prevalence rates of S. stercoralis infection have been reported in Cambodia (Forrer et al ., 2018), Lao PDR (Vonghachack et al ., 2015) and Thailand (Laoraksawong et al ., 2018), while much lower prevalence rates were reported in Indonesia (Wiria et al ., 2013) and Myanmar (Aung et al ., 2018). Nevertheless, it is believed that strongyloidiasis is likely to have a much higher burden in Southeast Asia than currently indicated in the available literature (Schär et al ., 2016) not least because the region exhibits conditions that favour high transmission of strongyloidiasis, such as humid and wet climates, inadequate sanitary conditions and poverty (Al-Mekhlafi et al ., 2013; Schär et al ., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

et al. 2019

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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. stercoralis infection among 1142 Orang Asli primary schoolchildren in six different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Fecal samples were examined using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation (FES), agar plate culture (APC) and PCR techniques. Overall, 15.8% of the children were found to be infected with S. stercoralis. The prevalence was 0.2, 1.3, 15.2 and 13.7% by direct smear, FES, APC and PCR, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that an age of >10 years, being male, belonging to a Proto-Malay tribe, belonging to the Senoi tribe, indiscriminate defecation, using an unimproved water source for drinking water and not wearing shoes when outside were the significant risk factors of infection among these children. In conclusion, we provide new evidence on the occurrence of S. stercoralis in Malaysia to show that there is a relatively high prevalence of infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren. Therefore, the use of specific methods for detecting S. stercoralis should be considered when screening these children for intestinal parasites. Moreover, prevention and control measures specific to S. stercoralis should be integrated into the intestinal parasitic infections control programme in Malaysia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

et al. 2019

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The control of soil-transmitted helminthiases in the Philippines: the story continues

et al. 2021

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Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have long been an important public health concern in the Philippines. In this review, we describe the current status of STH infections there and highlight the control efforts undertaken to reduce STH burden. Main text A nationwide STH mass drug administration (MDA) programme was started in 2006 but the overall STH prevalence remains stubbornly high across the Philippines, ranging from 24.9% to 97.4%. The continued increase in the prevalence may have been due to the challenges related to MDA implementation which include the lack of people’s awareness about the importance of regular treatment, misconceptions about the MDA strategy, lack of confidence on the drugs used, fear of adverse events and general distrust of government programs. There are existing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes implemented in communities [e.g., Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program and providing toilet bowls and provision of subsidy for latrine construction] and schools [e.g., WASH in School (WINS) program], but sustained implementation is required to achieve expected outcomes. Although WASH in general is being taught in schools, integration of STH as a disease and community problem in the current public elementary school curriculum is still inadequate. The Integrated Helminth Control Program (IHCP) currently implemented in the country, which is focused on improved sanitation and personal hygiene, health education and preventive chemotherapy, will require continuous appraisal. The sustainability of this programme still continues to be a challenge. Conclusions Despite the major efforts to control STH infections for almost two decades in the Philippines, persistently high STH prevalence has been reported across the country, which is likely due to suboptimal MDA coverage and limitations in WASH and health education programs. Sustainable delivery of integrated control approaches will continue to play a pivotal role in the control and elimination of STH in the Philippines. Graphic abstract

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Soil-Transmitted Helminths: The Neglected Parasites

Cited by 2 publications

References 92 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

The control of soil-transmitted helminthiases in the Philippines: the story continues

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