Soil-Transmitted Protozoans and Helminths from Market Gardening Sites of Yaounde, Cameroon

Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait; Njieyap, Laurelle Djieukap; Ntonga, Patrick Akono; Etang, Josiane; Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe; Ndo, Cyrille; Étamé, Jacques; Njiokou, Flobert; Togouet, Serge Hubert Zébazé

doi:10.26502/jesph.96120085

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Our main findings indicated a high prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among study participants (~24%), especially caused by the dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana), Ascaris lumbricoïdes roundworm, and Schistosoma mansoni. This parasitological profile was similar to what was previously observed in many regions of Cameroon as well in humans [20] as in environment samples [21]. In fact, it was shown that the environment and the behaviour influenced the rate of infection among local communities [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Inhabitants of the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

LAURELLE

Awono-Ambene

ANTONİO-NKONDJİO

et al. 2022

International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy

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Intestinal parasite infections are still prevalent in developing countries and in Cameroon where over 90% of the population is at high risk. To assess the distribution of intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors of the city of Yaoundé, both household and parasitological surveys were conducted from October to December 2019 among inhabitants of lowlands aged from 15 years and over. Stools samples were collected and screened for intestinal parasites presence using Kato Katz and Formol-Ether methods. Sociodemographic status, prevention measures against intestinal parasitic diseases and practices with increase exposition to risky environments were then recorded. A total of 229 participants (142 females: 62.0%; 87 males: 38.0%) were enrolled for the study, and 24.02% (55/229) were found infected by helminthes (ten species) and/or protozoans (one species). Participant infection rates and risk varied by parasite species and socio-demographic factors. Global risk analysis showed that age (OR ranges: 3.78-15.96), anti-parasitic drug consumption (OR: 2.53), eating behavior,,hygiene (OR: 22.4), occupation (OR ranges: 1.92-3.53) and type of toilets (OR: 3.4) were strongly associated with risk of infection by intestinal parasites. The risk increased in 15-30 years age group for A. lumbricoïdes, T. trichiura and Schistosoma mansoni, unpredictably in those washing their hands before meals for A. lumbricoïdes and H. nana, in respondents using antiparasitic drugs as auto-medication for H. nana and in those using traditional toilets for A. lumbricoïdes. However, other variables with high OR values (> 5.0) might be potential risk factor for the occurrence of specific parasite infections. The study suggests the need for household sensitization and community actions including integrated environmental management as complement strategy to reduce intestinal parasite transmission in the city of Yaoundé.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Inhabitants of the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

LAURELLE

Awono-Ambene

ANTONİO-NKONDJİO

et al. 2022

International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy

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“…and G. lamblia found only in human samples, the protozoan and helminth compositionin environmental samples was quite similar to that observed in human from study locations. Similar results were previously reported in the same locations [14,15,42,43], across the country [32,34,44,45] and elsewhere in Africa [4,7,39] and Brazil [46]. This context falls into the one health approach, which has been adopted worldwide to address public health threats linking human, animal hosts and their environmental interfaces [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…2). The overall species richness did not differ significantly from 2019 (13) to 2020 (13)(14)(15), by sex and age groups. Species found associated together in multiple infections were A.lumbricoides, H. nana, T.trichiura and S.mansoni for helminths, and E.histolytica/dispar, B. coli and Cryptosporidium sp.…”

Section: Parasite Infestation In Humanmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The combination of conventional parasitological methods allowed the morphological identification of intestinal parasites in human stools and environmental samples (soils, water and fresh vegetables) under a standard microscope. The same methodological approach had been successfully adapted in the field for direct parasite identification in environmental samples such as water and soils [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), intestinal parasitesare transmitted to human through plants, fruits and vegetables [9]. In Cameroon, the environments and gardening products contribute tothe spreading of gastrointestinal parasites infections in urban and rural locations [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Agricultural activities increase the health risk associated with intestinal parasite infections, among other factors such as gender, absence of chemical prophylaxis, personal hygiene and presence of animals [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human and Environmental Reservoirs of Intestinal Parasites in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Update in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Njieyap

Balifeli²,

Mvondo³

et al. 2022

MRJI

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Aims: Intestinal parasitic infections are persistent in Africa, and we questioned here whether prevention measures imposed by the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 could alleviate this threat in lowlands of the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Study Design: We monitored the trend of intestinal parasites in human and environmental samples from the seven subdivisions of the city of Yaounde, before (November-December 2019) and during (July-August 2020, November-December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Parasitological analysis were performed to check for the presence of helminths and protozoans in stools from inhabitants as well as in water, soil and fresh vegetables, using standard Kato Katz and Formol Ether methods.The minimum effective sample size considered for the estimation of parasite richness, parasite infection and contamination indexeswas 30 for human and 30 for environmental samples (i.e. soils, water and vegetables) per location. Results: Of the 19 parasite species identified in human and the environments, twelve were helminths and seven protozoans. The overall parasite species richness reached 16 in 2019 (12 helminths and 4 protozoans) and 19 in 2020 (12 helminths and 7 protozoans), with about 62.5-68.4% of species shared by human and environments. The parasite frequencies in human (21.03%) and water/soils (32.3%) in 2019 did not differ statistically with those of 2020 (14.6-20.3% and 10.8-35.4%, respectively). The contamination rate of vegetables (i.e. carrots, lettuce, basil, celery, etc.) has increased from 2019 (6.1-9.1%) to 2020 (9.1-24.2%), and was frequently due to roundworms, hookworms, Entamoeba and Cryptosporidium cysts. The findings suggest persistent risk associated with intestinal parasite irrespective to measures imposed by COVID-19 in study locations. Conclusion: The current control approaches may therefore integrateecological epidemiology of the intestinal parasite infections as complementary strategy in African cities.

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Prevalence and risk factors of geohelminths in primary schools children aged 5 to 15 years in the city of Moundou, southwestern Chad

Nadia,

Cedric,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Soil-Transmitted Protozoans and Helminths from Market Gardening Sites of Yaounde, Cameroon

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Inhabitants of the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Intestinal Parasite Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Inhabitants of the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Human and Environmental Reservoirs of Intestinal Parasites in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Update in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevalence and risk factors of geohelminths in primary schools children aged 5 to 15 years in the city of Moundou, southwestern Chad

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