Soils and Paleosoils of the Galápagos Islands: What We Know and What We Don't Know, A Meta-Analysis

Stoops, Georges

doi:10.2984/68.1.1

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Figure shows the locations studied and a brief description of each soil is included in the Supporting Information (Table S1). Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (), Rodríguez Flores et al (), Stoops (, ), Taboada et al () and Rial et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (1973), Rodríguez Flores et al (2006), Stoops (2013Stoops ( , 2014, Taboada et al (2016) and Rial et al (2017).…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Notable exceptions are a study on hydrodynamic properties (Adelinet, Fortin, d´Ozouville, & Violette, ) and a geomorphological study (Franz, ). The state‐of‐the‐art on Galápagos soils has been reviewed and summarized recently by Stoops ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Rodríguez

Ferro-Vázquez

Stoops

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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We applied selective dissolution extractions (Na‐pyrophosphate, acid oxalate, cold NaOH and citrate‐dithionite) to study Al, Fe and Si fractionation in 38 volcanic pedons located on the windward slopes of Santa Cruz (Galápagos Islands) that form a climosequence. The aim was to evaluate the distribution of secondary Fe, Al and Si phases in relation to environmental variables. Two main trends were observed: a geographical pattern in relation to altitude and a vertical differentiation within soil profiles. Soils from the drier coastal area had the smallest amounts of secondary Al, Fe and Si, whereas values were larger in soils at higher altitude, under a more humid climate. Organo–metallic complexes dominate the organic‐rich topsoils in these wetter areas as a result of larger availability of free Al, more humified organic matter with a greater capacity for metal adsorption and larger organic matter contributions from vegetation. This has led to increased accumulation of organic carbon in soils at higher altitudes. At lower elevations, inorganic secondary materials are more frequent, with short‐range‐order minerals prevailing in topsoils, whereas crystalline minerals dominate subsoils. Crystalline minerals are also frequent in some soils at higher altitudes in relation to acid pH. Vertical differentiation within the soil profile is also responsive to altitude: differences between topsoils and subsoils are generally more marked in soils at higher locations, thus wetter areas. A greater degree of weathering seems to be the main factor controlling both altitudinal trends and horizonation through its effect on pH, organic matter content and humification, ultimately controlled by climatic variation. Highlights We analysed soils developed on volcanic material along the windward slope of Santa Cruz Island. Organo–metallic complexes are abundant in acidic, organic‐rich epipedons at higher elevation. Short‐range‐order minerals are more abundant in non‐acidic subsoils and tend to increase with altitude Crystalline minerals predominate at lower elevation and in acidic subsoils at higher altitude.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further detail can be found in Eswaran et al (1973), Rodríguez Flores et al (2006), Stoops (2013Stoops ( , 2014, Taboada et al (2016) and Rial et al (2017).…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Rodríguez

Ferro-Vázquez

Stoops

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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“…The structure of the islands is that of coalescent and/or super-posed lava streams in the lower parts and cones of different pyroclastic material at higher elevations [9]. Soils are formed after decomposition of lava flow surfaces caused by moisture.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artículo/Article Sección/Section B windward slopes of the mountains a mist, called garúa, is responsible for continuous humidity throughout the cool season [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Illustrated catalogue of phytoliths from modern plants of the Galápagos Islands: Economic species of San Cristóbal Island

Astudillo

2019

ACI

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Native, endemic, and introduced vascular plants from the Galápagos Islands were processed for phytolith extraction. Modern plant specimens of 43 species were collected in the field considering the possible uses of these plant species during the first years of colonization of San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos (1860s). This comparative illustrated catalog is limited to test the production of phytoliths in useful endemic, native, and introduced plant taxa. The results provided the main elements to discriminate morphotypes from native and introduced plants in San Cristóbal. This catalog will guide future paleoethnobotanical research in the Galápagos and other archipelagos of the far eastern pacific islands.

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Cadmium retention and microbial response in volcanic soils along gradients of soil age and climate on the Galápagos Islands

et al. 2021

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The behavior of trace metals may vary strongly in the course of volcanic soil development. Cadmium retention in soils is specifically important for some Galápagos islands where agriculture is leading to anthropogenic Cd contamination. To assess the influence of soil development factors on soil Cd retention and toxicity, we performed Cd sorption-desorption experiments with volcanic topsoils from the Galápagos Islands sampled along gradients of (a) substrate age (chronosequence, 1.5-1,070 ka) and (b) climate (elevation sequence, 47-866 m asl) ranging from arid lowland areas to humid highland areas. Additionally, the effects of Cd toxicity on the soil microbial community composition were evaluated for two soils of the chronosequence. In young volcanic soils, the sorption capacity was very high but decreased rapidly with soil age and increasing elevation. These trends were coupled with decreases in soil weathering indicators (e.g., electrical conductivity, pH, and effective cation exchange capacity) as well as changes in soil mineralogy. Cadmium addition did not influence total phospholipid fatty acids and basal respiration in most soils. However, with increasing Cd concentration, a pronounced reduction in the Gram-negative/Gram-positive bacteria ratio (from 0.32 to 0.12) occurred in an old, highly weathered soil with low Cd retention capacity. Our results show that up to 60% of added Cd was only weakly sorbed in old volcanic soils. As a consequence, the old volcanic soils of Galápagos bear the potential risk that the mobile Cd fraction is taken up by soil microorganisms, transferring this element into the food chain.

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Soils and Paleosoils of the Galápagos Islands: What We Know and What We Don't Know, A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Secondary aluminium, iron and silica phases across a volcanic soil climosequence, Galápagos Islands

Illustrated catalogue of phytoliths from modern plants of the Galápagos Islands: Economic species of San Cristóbal Island

Cadmium retention and microbial response in volcanic soils along gradients of soil age and climate on the Galápagos Islands

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