Soils of the World

Zech, Wolfgang; Schád, Péter; Hintermaier-Erhard, Gerd

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30461-6

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The soil is classified as fluvisols, based on the taxonomy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The organic horizon (O horizon) is thin, and the soil profile consists of mineral soils that contain organic matter (Ah horizon, microbially altered organic matter) and mineral soils (C horizon, unconsolidated mineral soil; Zech et al., 2022). The basic characteristics of the plantation, including the stand density, mean tree height, and average diameter at breast height in 2018 were 452 trees/ha, 17 m, and 24.8 cm, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil

Liu,

Zou,

Chen

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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The frequency and intensity of droughts worldwide are challenging the conservation of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Microbial necromass is a key component of SOC, but how it responds to drought at specific soil depths remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a 3‐year field experiment in a forest plantation to investigate the impacts of drought intensities under three treatments (ambient control [CK], moderate drought [30% throughfall removal], and intensive drought [50% throughfall removal]) on soil microbial necromass pools (i.e., bacterial necromass carbon, fungal necromass carbon, and total microbial necromass carbon). We showed that the effects of drought on microbial necromass depended on microbial groups, soil depth, and drought intensity. While moderate drought increased total (+9.1% ± 3.3%) and fungal (+13.5% ± 4.9%) necromass carbon in the topsoil layer (0–15 cm), intensive drought reduced total (−31.6% ± 3.7%) and fungal (−43.6% ± 4.0%) necromass in the subsoil layer (15–30 cm). In contrast, both drought treatments significantly increased the BNC in the topsoil and subsoil. Our results suggested that the effects of drought on the microbial necromass of the subsoil were more pronounced than those of the topsoil. This study highlights the complex responses of microbial necromass to drought events depending on microbial community structure, drought intensity and soil depth with global implications when forecasting carbon cycling under climate change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil

Liu,

Zou,

Chen

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…Textbooks applying the third edition were published, like Zech et al. (2022). A brief description was published by Schad and Dondeyne (2017).…”

Section: The History Of the Wrbmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Reference Base for Soil Resources—Its fourth edition and its history

Schád

2023

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The fourth edition of the international soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) was released in 2022. It maintains the 32 Reference Soil Groups at the first classification level. Most qualifiers (second level) and most diagnostic horizons, properties and materials were maintained but some were abolished and new ones introduced. The main part of the fourth edition is followed by six annexes, most of them are new. For the first time, the WRB has a Field Guide (Annex 1) to facilitate field survey and to assure that all field characteristics required in the classification are reported. The fourth edition also provides designations for horizons and layers (Annex 3), which was not the case in the second and the third edition. The wordings of the definitions were harmonized, and the same features are worded in the same way throughout the text (including the annexes). Ambiguities have been corrected and many definitions written in a more concise and a more didactical way. The WRB has a long history. Four editions have been published: 1998, 2006 (with update 2007), 2014 (with update 2015) and 2022. Editor is the Working Group WRB of the International Union of Soil Sciences. The WRB followed the Legend and the Revised Legend of the Soil Map of the World. This map was edited by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and UNESCO, and the system is known as the FAO Soil Classification System. In addition, WRB incorporated ideas from the former Working Group International Reference Base for Soil Classification that existed from 1982 to 1994.

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“…Accordingly, MP transport and turnover processes will be different. For example, Podzols accumulate thick organic horizons because of the acidic pH, while Ferralsols have high turnover that mostly results in very thin organic layers and quick incorporation of MNPs into the mineral soil [73,74]. Additionally, MNP ageing and disaggregation through biogeochemical processes would be much slower with the lower microbial activity in Podzols; these processes would run faster in Ferralsols as they have higher microbial activity promoted by higher soil temperatures and moisture [61].…”

Section: Impacts By Different Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind the gap: forest soils as a hidden hub for global micro- and nanoplastic pollution

Weber,

Rillig,

Bigalke

2023

Micropl.&Nanopl.

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Global plastic pollution has become a major concern because of its effects on environmental and human health. A major fraction of environmental plastics is likely stored temporarily within terrestrial soils. However, even though forests represent the third most common type of land cover on Earth, almost nothing is known about plastics in forest soils. The atmospheric transport of micro- and nanoplastics provides ample opportunity for forest canopies to intercept plastic particles. These plastic particles, together with local plastic sources like litter and items used in forest management, eventually reach forest soils. In this paper we discuss the potential role of forest soils as a hub within global plastic cycles; transport processes from the atmosphere to the soil; and the integration of plastics into forest material cycles. Taken together, plastic in forests could have a major impact on sensitive ecosystems, economically important functions and global environmental plastic budgets. We also develop a roadmap for further investigation into plastics in forest soil systems.

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Soils of the World

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil

Fungal necromass is reduced by intensive drought in subsoil but not in topsoil

World Reference Base for Soil Resources—Its fourth edition and its history

Mind the gap: forest soils as a hidden hub for global micro- and nanoplastic pollution

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