Sol–gel-assisted, fast and low-temperature synthesis of La-doped Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A series of La-doped Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C cathode materials for Li-ion batteries are synthesized by a sol-gelassisted, low-temperature sintering process. La(NO 3 ) 3 acts not only as the La source, but also, together with the intermediate product LiNO 3 , promotes combustion, the ultrahigh exothermic energy that is advantageous for the nucleation process. The subsequent sintering process at 600 C for 4 h is sufficient to produce highly crystalline La-doped Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composites. The as-prepared cathode materials display smaller particle size, lower electron-transfer resistance and faster Li ion migration, which is ascribed to enhanced Li-ion transfer because of the La doping. The resulting Li 3 V 1.96 La 0.04 (PO 4 ) 3 /C cathode has a stable specific capacity of 160 mA h g À1 at low charge-discharge rates over 100 cycles, and retained a stable capacity of up to 116 mA h g À1 at a rate of 5 C, which is 40% higher than the undoped pristine cathode.

Preparation and supercapacitive performance of clew-like porous nanocarbons derived from sucrose by catalytic graphitization

“…Because of their higher chargedischarge efficiency, faster charge capability, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, and product safety, supercapacitors have been considered as attractive power sources for digital communication, memory backup devices, electric vehicles, and a number of day-to-day electronic equipment [3][4][5].…”

Preparation of supercapacitors based on nanocomposites films of MnO2/CB/C from sodium alginate and MnO2 nanoparticles by direct electrophoretic deposition and carbonization

“…A synthetic route to prepare carbon-coated copper or nanoparticles is developed in an ionic liquid under microwave heating [15]. Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C cathode materials can be prepared by solid-state method with sucrose as carbon source [16]. In these methods, either special experimental devices are needed or operation is sophisticated, or carbon sources are expensive, which lead to the carbon layer fabrication costs unsuitable for large scale application.…”

High-energy cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: A review of recent developments

“…It is known that the capacity fading of lithium trivanadate can be ascribed to the local damage of the crystal structure, which is caused by the great change in the cell lattice and the partial dissolution of the active material in the liquid electrolyte during cycling [256][257][258]. To deal with these tough problems, exotic atom doping is believed to be an effective method.…”