Sol-Gel Processed TiO2 Nanotube Photoelectrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance

Цветков, Н. А.; Larina, Liudmila L.; Kang, Jeung Ku; Shevaleevskiy, Oleg

doi:10.3390/nano10020296

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Those functional materials can be fabricated at nanometer-scale control and precision. Nanomaterials with unique biological, chemical, and physical properties are promising for applications in energy, agricultural, biomedical, environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical sectors [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. For applications in the biomedical field, nanomaterials are widely used in biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial agents, drug delivery, and theranostics [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Liao

Jin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This article presents a state-of-the-art review and analysis of literature studies on the morphological structure, fabrication, cytotoxicity, and photocatalytic toxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures (nZnO) of mammalian cells. nZnO with different morphologies, e.g., quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotetrapods are toxic to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines due to in vitro cell–material interactions. Several mechanisms responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity have been proposed. These include the penetration of nZnO into the cytoplasm, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrade mitochondrial function, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipid, and protein molecules. Otherwise, nZnO dissolve extracellularly into zinc ions and the subsequent diffusion of ions into the cytoplasm can create ROS. Furthermore, internalization of nZnO and localization in acidic lysosomes result in their dissolution into zinc ions, producing ROS too in cytoplasm. These ROS-mediated responses induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop), and phosphoprotein p53 gene expressions. In vivo studies on a mouse model reveal the adverse impacts of nZnO on internal organs through different administration routes. The administration of ZnO nanoparticles into mice via intraperitoneal instillation and intravenous injection facilitates their accumulation in target organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lung. ZnO is a semiconductor with a large bandgap showing photocatalytic behavior under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As such, photogenerated electron–hole pairs react with adsorbed oxygen and water molecules to produce ROS. So, the ROS-mediated selective killing for human tumor cells is beneficial for cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy. The photoinduced effects of noble metal doped nZnO for creating ROS under UV and visible light for killing cancer cells are also addressed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Liao

Jin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Nanotubes feature particularly large area/volume ratio and faster electron transport, as well as low recombination rate of charge carriers. This enables increased photocatalytic efficiency and durability [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Wettability of ZnO-Loaded TiO2 Nanotube Array Layers

et al. 2020

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Herein we report on the synthesis and the effects of gradual loading of TiO2 nanotube array layers with ZnO upon surface wettability. Two-step preparation was chosen, where TiO2 nanotube layers, grown in a first instance by anodization of a Ti foil, were gradually loaded with controlled amounts of ZnO using the reactive RF magnetron sputtering. After crystallization annealing, the formerly amorphous TiO2 nanotubes were converted to predominantly anatase crystalline phase, as detected by XRD measurements. The as-prepared nanotubes exhibited a well-aligned columnar structure, 1.6 μm long and 88 nm in diameter, and a small concentration of oxygen vacancies. Ti2+ and Ti3+ occur along with the Ti4+ state upon sputter-cleaning the layer surfaces from contaminants. The Ti2+ and Ti3+ signals diminish with gradual ZnO loading. As demonstrated by the VB-XPS data, the ZnO loading is accompanied by a slight narrowing of the band gap of the materials. A combined effect of material modification and surface roughness was taken into consideration to explain the evolution of surface super-hydrophilicity of the materials under UV irradiation. The loading process resulted in increasing surface wettability with approx. 33%, and in a drastic extension of activation decay, which clearly points out to the effect of ZnO-TiO2 heterojunctions.

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“…Since the report on DSSCs using a TiO 2 nanoporous structure by Regan and Gratzel in 1991, the development of TiO 2 as a photo-electrode for DSSCs has been increasing [ 83 ]. In a recent study, the formation of pristine and Nb-doped TiO 2 NPs and nanotubes was reported by Tsvetkov et al, using the sol–gel method [ 84 ]. Interestingly, they demonstrated that the obtained TiO 2 nanotubes exhibited a 65% higher photoconversion efficiency when the light intensity was reduced from 1000 to 10 W/m 2 , indicating good potential in low-light conditions, such as indoor photovoltaic applications.…”

Section: Future Outlook For the Sol–gel Methods In Emerging Technolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial Fabrication through the Modification of Sol–Gel Derived Coatings

et al. 2021

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In materials processing, the sol–gel method is one of the techniques that has enabled large-scale production at low cost in the past few decades. The versatility of the method has been proven as the fabrication of various materials ranging from metallic, inorganic, organic, and hybrid has been reported. In this review, a brief introduction of the sol–gel technique is provided and followed by a discussion of the significance of this method for materials processing and development leading to the creation of novel materials through sol–gel derived coatings. The controlled modification of sol–gel derived coatings and their respective applications are also described. Finally, current development and the outlook of the sol–gel method for the design and fabrication of nanomaterials in various fields are described. The emphasis is on the significant potential of the sol–gel method for the development of new, emerging technologies.

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Sol-Gel Processed TiO2 Nanotube Photoelectrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Surface Wettability of ZnO-Loaded TiO2 Nanotube Array Layers

Nanomaterial Fabrication through the Modification of Sol–Gel Derived Coatings

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