Sol–gel synthesized ZnO for optoelectronics applications: a characterization review

Harun, Kausar; Hussain, Fayaz; Purwanto, Agus; Sahraoui, B.; Zawadzka, Anna; Mohamad, Ahmad Azmin

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aa9e82

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Sol-gel contains a solid matrix (gel) which is filled with a solution of solid particles or chemical reagents (sol). The sol-gel route includes consecutive chemical reactions, including hydrolysis, condensation, polymerization, and the development and aging of particles [49]. The sol-gel method is attracting a lot of interest because it is simple, cost-effective, reliable, and repeatable, with quite mild conditions of synthesis.…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

Bui

Kumar²,

Alinaghibeigi

et al. 2021

jcc

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is used for various purposes because of its special physico-chemical properties, including large band gap, high binding energy of exciton, nontoxicity, high chemical and thermal stability, large piezoelectric constants, and wurtzite crystal structure with various and widespread applications in electronics, optoelectronics, biochemical sensing, biomedical, and energy-saving systems. This review mainly aimed to present the recent improvement in ZnO-based composite materials with utilization in energy storage systems with a specific focus on lithium-ion batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, and supercapacitors. The first part of this paper looks at the structure and properties of ZnO and then describes some of the most common synthesizing methods of ZnO composites, including electrochemical, chemical, solvo/hydrothermal, and physical deposition methods. Finally, the recent advancement of ZnO-based composite materials applied in energy storage systems was discussed.

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Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

Bui

Kumar²,

Alinaghibeigi

et al. 2021

jcc

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“…Solution‐processed ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted considerable attention as an ETL for QLEDs due to their superior properties, such as high optical transmittance, conductivity, stability, and a large energy bandgap with a low valence band level to block holes and excitons in the QD EML. [ 12–14 ] Electrons can be injected easily through a ZnO NP ETL from the cathode into a QD EML, due to a small energy barrier between the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the QD EML and the work function of the cathode. However, it is hard for hole to inject through the organic HTL, from the anode into the QD EML, because of a large energy barrier between the valence band maximum (VBM) of the QD EML and the work function of the anode, and due to the low hole mobility of the organic HTL compared with the large electron of the ZnO NP ETL (which results in excessive electron injection).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient and Bright Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Charge Balance by Adjusting the Thickness of Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O Electron Transport Layer

Hwang

Eun

Jang

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Herein, the outstanding efficiency of solution‐processed quantum‐dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) is demonstrated, which is achieved by adjusting the thickness of their Zn0.9Mg0.1O nanoparticle (NP) electron transport layer (ETL).The NPs are prepared by the sol‐gel method. As the thickness increases, the current density of the QLEDs decreases because of the increased resistance of the Zn0.9Mg0.1O NP ETL. As the thickness increases from 10 to 35 nm, the luminance, luminous efficiency, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) also increase because of the improved charge balance between electrons and holes in the QD emissive layer (EML). In contrast, as the thickness increases beyond 35–120 nm, these three variables decrease because of the worsening charge balance, which is attributing to deficient electron injection from the cathode into the QD EML compared with hole injection from the anode into the EML. The QLED with a 35 nm thick Zn0.9Mg0.1O NP ETL exhibits the highest luminance, luminous efficiency, and EQE, with values of 128 084 cd m−2, 88.8 cd A−1, and 21.3%, respectively. The superior device performance and good charge balance to the appropriate ETL thickness are attributed.

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“…Many deposition techniques were used during ZnO thin films history: physical growth methods, chemical methods, and combinations of them. Among chemical techniques, aqueous chemical growth, sol-gel, dip coating, and biosynthesis are the most common ones [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Due to the aforementioned properties, the ZnO and its composite materials are considered to be great candidates for light-emitting and laser devices, which cover the spectral range from green over the blue to the near-UV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Nanostructured ZnO onto Si Coatings for Optoelectronic Applications via Eco-Friendly Chemical Preparation Routes

et al. 2021

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Although the research on zinc oxide (ZnO) has a very long history and its applications are almost countless as the publications on this subject are extensive, this semiconductor is still full of resources and continues to offer very interesting results worth publishing or warrants further investigation. The recent years are marked by the development of novel green chemical synthesis routes for semiconductor fabrication in order to reduce the environmental impacts associated with synthesis on one hand and to inhibit/suppress the toxicity and hazards at the end of their lifecycle on the other hand. In this context, this study focused on the development of various kinds of nanostructured ZnO onto Si substrates via chemical route synthesis using both classic solvents and some usual non-toxic beverages to substitute the expensive high purity reagents acquired from specialized providers. To our knowledge, this represents the first systematic study involving common beverages as reagents in order to obtain ZnO coatings onto Si for optoelectronic applications by the Aqueous Chemical Growth (ACG) technique. Moreover, the present study offers comparative information on obtaining nanostructured ZnO coatings with a large variety of bulk and surface morphologies consisting of crystalline nanostructures. It was revealed from X-ray diffraction analysis via Williamson–Hall plots that the resulting wurtzite ZnO has a large crystallite size and small lattice strain. These morphological features resulted in good optical properties, as proved by photoluminescence (PL) measurements even at room temperature (295 K). Good optical properties could be ascribed to complex surface structuring and large surface-to-volume ratios.

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Sol–gel synthesized ZnO for optoelectronics applications: a characterization review

Cited by 47 publications

References 107 publications

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

Highly Efficient and Bright Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Charge Balance by Adjusting the Thickness of Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O Electron Transport Layer

Obtaining Nanostructured ZnO onto Si Coatings for Optoelectronic Applications via Eco-Friendly Chemical Preparation Routes

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Sol–gel synthesized ZnO for optoelectronics applications: a characterization review

Cited by 47 publications

References 107 publications

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

A review on zinc oxide composites for energy storage applications: solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors

Highly Efficient and Bright Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Charge Balance by Adjusting the Thickness of Zn0.9Mg0.1O Electron Transport Layer

Obtaining Nanostructured ZnO onto Si Coatings for Optoelectronic Applications via Eco-Friendly Chemical Preparation Routes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Highly Efficient and Bright Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Charge Balance by Adjusting the Thickness of Zn_0.9Mg_0.1O Electron Transport Layer