Solar Activity and Social Regulation Factors in the Development of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

The development of large-scale pandemics from local epidemics is characteristic of high maxima of the 11-year solar activity (SA) cycle. During lower cycles of solar activity (with a height of about 100-110 average annual Wolf numbers), the development of pandemics is observed both at the maxima and minima of the 11-year cycle of solar activity.The COVID-19 pandemic was started at the lows of the 11-year and quasi-secular solar cycle. Space weather and solar activity, together with the genetic composition of the population, determined the development of local coronavirus epidemics under the conditions of the global minimum of solar activity. Their contribution is more than 500% against 20-30% accounted for by other factors (except for vaccination), such as the average age of the population, lockdowns, isolation of patients, weather conditions, and the level of medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic is most severe in countries with a dominant R1b haplogroup. The effectiveness of mass vaccination depends on the genetic composition of the population too. The maximum decrease in relative mortality after mass vaccination of the population is observed in countries with a haplogroup R1b (a 10-fold decrease). However, in countries with a haplogroup N, relative mortality increased by 4 times. Steady self-oscillatory waves of incidence and mortality have been formed due to mass vaccination and lockdowns by 2022. The effect of vaccination decreases with increasing solar activity. The influence of these multidirectional processes on coronavirus pandemic at the maximum of the 25th cycle of solar activity requires further study.