Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 45)

Green, Martin A.; Emery, Keith; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro; Warta, Wilhelm; Dunlop, Ewan D.

doi:10.1002/pip.2573

Cited by 1,712 publications

(906 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, PS economic profitability is also determined considering the Italian new thermal incentive policy [34]. The incentive consists of a capital investment subsidy, amounting to maximum of 65% of the total capital cost for the proposed systems.…”

Section: Energy-economic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Economic Analysis of Energy Savings Measures in a Swimming Pool Centre by Means of Dynamic Simulations

2018

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Sport centres thermal demand is extremely high due to the large amount of sanitary hot water production. Therefore, energy savings actions must be performed in order to optimize system efficiency. In this framework, the present paper investigates the possibility to perform an energy rehabilitation of an indoor swimming pool centre by means of solar thermal collectors and heat pump technologies integrated with the existing plant. The case study consists of a university indoor swimming pool centre located in Naples, South of Italy. A dynamic simulation model is developed by TRNSYS software (Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison, WI, USA). An experimental investigation is also performed in order to calibrate the swimming pool thermal model and the space conditioning equipment operation. Real data concerning the thermal demand of the centre are implemented and the dynamic behaviour of the swimming pool occupants is also considered. The proposed technical solutions are analysed from an energy and economic point of view. A parametric analysis aiming at determining the effect of the size of the solar field on the system performance is performed. The comparison outlines that the best energy and economic performance is achieved by evacuated solar thermal collectors. In particular, the Simple Pay Back (SPB) period results about 14 years without incentives and it decreases to 5 years considering the Italian incentive policy. For an evacuated collector field of 150 m 2 , the SPB without incentive results below 9 years.

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Section: Energy-economic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Economic Analysis of Energy Savings Measures in a Swimming Pool Centre by Means of Dynamic Simulations

2018

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“…The solar energy received on the Earth's surface meets current and future human energy demand [1,2]. Solar energy can be converted into electricity with up to 46% efficiency using the photovoltaic cells that are available today [3]. However, electricity is difficult to store and distribute over long distances.…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting As a Pathway To Sustainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the greater complexity (two absorbers instead of one), functional tandem PCs have only been known for about 15 years [16]. Of these, the combination of Rh:SrTiO 3 and BiVO 4 connected with a Fe 3+/2+ redox shuttle, gives the highest STH efficiency (0.1%) [44].…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting As a Pathway To Sustainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Osterloh

2015

Topics in Current Chemistry

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From a conceptual standpoint, the water photoelectrolysis reaction is the simplest way to convert solar energy into fuel. It is widely believed that nanostructured photocatalysts can improve the efficiency of the process and lower the costs. Indeed, nanostructured light absorbers have several advantages over traditional materials. This includes shorter charge transport pathways and larger redox active surface areas. It is also possible to adjust the energetics of small particles via the quantum size effect or with adsorbed ions. At the same time, nanostructured absorbers have significant disadvantages over conventional ones. The larger surface area promotes defect recombination and reduces the photovoltage that can be drawn from the absorber. The smaller size of the particles also makes electron-hole separation more difficult to achieve. This chapter discusses these issues using selected examples from the literature and from the laboratory of the author.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Organic and inorganic semiconductors have been used as active components of those energy-harvesting devices in a variety of diode forms, including Schottky diodes, 7-10 p-n diodes [11][12][13][14] and p-i-n diodes, [15][16][17][18] showing outstanding progress in enhancing their power efficiencies. 19,20 This study reports a rather different new application, dynamic PV switching and voltage generation by deep blue photons. Dynamic PV switching has so far been ignored in organic electronics and rarely attempted in inorganics despite its potential great usefulness as a dynamic energy-harvesting method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep blue energy harvest photovoltaic switching by heptazole-based organic Schottky diode circuits

et al. 2016

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We report novel photovoltaic (PV) switching based on the low exciton-binding energy property of an organic heptazole (C 26 H 16 N 2 ) thin film after fabrication of an heptazole-based Schottky diode. The Schottky diode cell displayed an instantaneous voltage of 0.3 V as an open circuit voltage (V OC ) owing to the work function difference between the Schottky and ohmic electrode under deep blue illumination. Four tandem diode cells therefore produced~1.2 V. As a PV diode circuit can be formed using an even number of diodes, a photo-excited charge accumulation takes place, generating V OC in the central electrode of the tandem diode array by illuminating one half of the array. An electron-hole recombination then also takes place in that electrode by illuminating the other half, making the V OC decrease to 0 V. Utilizing this charge accumulation and recombination under deep blue illumination, we successfully demonstrated quite fast PV optical switching, logic gating and, ultimately, the gate switching of an organic field-effect transistor. We therefore concluded that our self-powered PV-induced switching was novel and promising enough to open a new door for energy harvest-related device applications in organics.

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Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 45)

Abstract: Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2014 are reviewed.

Cited by 1,712 publications

References 33 publications

Energy and Economic Analysis of Energy Savings Measures in a Swimming Pool Centre by Means of Dynamic Simulations

Energy and Economic Analysis of Energy Savings Measures in a Swimming Pool Centre by Means of Dynamic Simulations

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Deep blue energy harvest photovoltaic switching by heptazole-based organic Schottky diode circuits

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