Solar Cells, Photodetectors, and Optical Sources from Infrared Colloidal Quantum Dots

Sargent, Edward H.

doi:10.1002/adma.200801153

Cited by 171 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is worth noting at this point, that another organic gain material system that has generated interest in recent years is composites consisting of optically active semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrices [31,32]. These materials combine the aforementioned advantages of polymers with the high luminescence efficiency and chemical stability of the inorganic dopants, holding future promise for development of functional sources [33,34].…”

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviews C Grivas And M Pollnau: Organic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Grivas

Pollnau

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

211

202

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Solid-state organic amplifiers and lasers are attractive for hybrid integration due to their compatibility with different material platforms, straightforward processing, and possibility to optimize easily their optical and electronic properties by molecular engineering. Advances in the gain medium design and synthesis in combination with new resonator architectures led to tremendous improvements in temporal and spectral properties, lifetime stability, gains produced and operating threshold powers, which triggered interest in their use for a broad range of integrated photonic applications. In this contribution, the current state-of-the-art in the field of organic solid-state amplifiers and lasers is reviewed from the aspects of fabrication technology, gain materials, and device performance. Furthermore, examples of the progress of this technology from a laboratory curiosity to one that demonstrates practical integrated photonic applications are highlighted. An outlook is also provided on research areas and applications that are likely to shape further developments of this technology. (Figure reprinted from [296],

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Section: Laser and Photonics Reviews C Grivas And M Pollnau: Organic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic solid‐state integrated amplifiers and lasers

Grivas

Pollnau

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

211

202

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“…Signifi cant progress has been made since the fi rst implementation of the idea, with order of magnitude improvement at sensitivity, power conversion effi ciency and bandwidth of nanocrystal containing infrared photodetectors and solar cell devices [9][10][11][12] . A large number of the efforts reported, employed the QDs to substitute the fullerene component as the electron acceptor material in a conductive polymer-QDs type of heterojunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductor Blends with Near‐Infrared Quantum‐Dot Sensitizers for Light Harvesting Applications

Itskos

Othonos

Rauch

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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techniques at large area substrates. A common confi guration of such devices is based on binary organic bulk heterojunctions of a conjugated polymer acting as electron donor and a fullerene material acting as electron acceptor. Absorption of light generates excitons that encounter the donor-acceptor heterointerface and dissociate. Exciton dissociation is followed by electron transfer from the polymer to the fullerene that leads to generation of photocurrent. Solar cell devices based on such bulk heterojunctions have recently shown promising results including power conversion effi ciencies in the range of 6-7.5% [ 1 , 2 ] , lifetime of over 1 year under real environmental conditions [ 3 ] and proven proof of concept for high throughput fabrication using printing [ 4 , 5 ] and spray coating technologies [ 5 ] .However a signifi cant limitation on the effi ciency of such devices is that absorption by the blends is mainly limited to visible wavelengths so that a signifi cant fraction of the solar emission energy, occurring at longer wavelengths, cannot be harvested. To circumvent this limitation, parallel to research for low bandgap polymer materials [ 6 , 7 ] a signifi cant effort has been carried out on the incorporation of red and infrared-absorbing colloidal nanocrystals in bulk hetero junction organic based blends. The main idea, introduced by Alivisatos and coworkers [ 8 ] Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductor Blends with Near-Infrared Quantum-Dot Sensitizers for Light Harvesting ApplicationsWe report an optical investigation of conjugated polymer (P3HT)/fullerene (PCBM) semiconductor blends sensitized by near-infrared absorbing quantum dots (PbS QDs). A systematic series of samples that include pristine, binary and ternary blends of the materials are studied using steadystate absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and ultrafast transient absorption. Measurements show an enhancement of the absorption strength in the near-infrared upon QD incorporation. PL quenching of the polymer and the QD exciton emission is observed and predominantly attributed to intermaterial photoinduced charge transfer processes. Pump-probe experiments show photo-excitations to relax via an initial ultrafast decay while longer-lived photoinduced absorption is attributed to charge transfer exciton formation and found to depend on the relative ratio of QDs to P3HT:PCBM content. PL experiments and transient absorption measurements indicate that interfacial charge transfer processes occur more effi ciently at the fullerene/polymer and fullerene/nanocrystal interfaces compared to polymer/nanocrystal interfaces. Thus the inclusion of the fullerene seems to facilitate exciton dissociation in such blends. The study discusses important and rather unexplored aspects of exciton recombination and charge transfer processes in ternary blend composites of organic semiconductors and near-infrared quantum dots for applications in solution-processed photodetectors and solar cells.

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“…Their band gaps can vary with size of NCs in the range from almost zero to 0.3 eV. The lead chalcogenide NCs enable unique optical, electrical and chemical properties, presenting this family of materials as a good candidate for potential application in solar cells, thermoelectric (TE) devices, telecommunication, field effect transistors (FET), photodetectors and photovoltaics [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%