Solar disinfection of wild Salmonella sp. in natural water with a 18L CPC photoreactor: Detrimental effect of non-sterile storage of treated water

Elucidating bacterial regrowth: Effect of disinfection conditions in dark storage of solar treated secondary effluent

“…Regrowth tests were conducted exactly after 24 and 48 h from the sampling time. An important point is that the samples were kept in sterile vials for the said period to avoid enhanced bacterial regrowth [36].…”

“…Bacterial regrowth has been observed to occur in both in water [31,36] and wastewater samples [43]. Wastewater is a rich in nutrients matrix which could support bacterial growth, and given the time treated water could spend in the dark, due to the storage times potentially required to further use, regrowth is rendered as a primary problem.…”

Ultrasound enhancement of near-neutral photo-Fenton for effective E. coli inactivation in wastewater

“…Suppression of these scavengers revealed their importance [10] and also, for years the Fenton reaction was believed to be a pH-restricted reaction in highly acidic regions; it was considered impossible to apply such methods, in matrices with near-neutral pH [22]. However, recent advances [18,23] and [24] have proven its effectiveness in the neutral area, and in the simultaneous presence of organic matter [18,25]. Previous work in our group has shown, there is no need for acidification prior to the treatment to keep a significant part of the iron soluble; apart from the direct complexion with bacteria, there are some strong photoactive Fe 3+ complexes formed in presence of organic matter [21,25]:…”

“…In order to increase the amount of water treated by solarassisted methods, compound parabolic collector reactors have been used [17,18,23] and [26], and solar photo-Fenton even was a subject under question, because of the intermittent action of the light [27]. There is a technical issue to be addressed in the intermittent nature of this treatment method, and the existence of ''dead'' time among the experiment.…”

“…The recirculating flow of these reactors creates a gap in the illumination for as long as water is present in the (dark) storage tank, allowing bacterial defense mechanisms to deploy [28]. Literature indicates a variety of light-to-dark distributions (Table 1), which materialize this difference [17,18,23,26,[29][30][31].…”