Solar dissociation of zirconium silicate sand: A clean alternative to obtain zirconium dioxide

González, Daniel Fernández; Piñuela-Noval, Juan; Ruiz-Bustinza, I.; González-Gasca, C.; Gómez-Rodríguez, Cristian; Quiñonez, Linda Viviana García; Fernández, Adolfo; González, Luis Felipe Verdeja

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138371

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Moreover, the diffraction peaks of silica were not found in other samples. The diffraction peaks of zirconia oxides were found to be at 34.9° (002), 35.85° (101), 57.7° (−311), and 58.1° (221), respectively [39]. The results imply that the peak intensity of AZ91D at 34-37° degrees increased, which might be due to the inclusion of zirconia.…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Biocompatibility and Corrosion Resistance of Si/ZrO2 Bioceramic Coating on AZ91D Using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) for Advanced Biomedical Applications

Thirugnanasambandam,

Gupta,

Murugapandian

2024

Metals

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Herein, ZrO2 and Si + ZrO2 composite coatings on AZ91D alloys are deposited at a constant voltage of 8 kV and 1 Å/s deposition rate using the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) method. Further, the samples are examined for surface morphology, phase analysis, adhesion, corrosion, and antibacterial properties, as per ASTM standards. The adhesion strength of the composite (Si + ZrO2) coating nominally dropped (9%) compared to the ZrO2 coating even when the coating thickness increased by 18%. However, the composite (Si + ZrO2) coating improved wettability because silanol promotes hydrogen bonding with water molecules, which elevates the surface energy of the silica and increases its hydrophilic nature. Further, increased wettability and surface roughness have the potential to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) values of the coated samples exhibited a positive shift in the potentiodynamic polarization curve, indicating a substantial increase in their corrosion resistance in the artificial blood plasma (ABP) electrolyte. Similarly, SEM images of both coated corroded samples are less affected in the ABP solution, indicating that the coating mitigated heavy cracks and micropores, protecting them from corrosion. The Si + ZrO2 coatings exhibited exceptional performance in preventing bacterial infiltration by Staphylococcus aureus, thus inhibiting the subsequent formation of biofilms. In addition, these coatings demonstrate improved vitality among fibroblast cells, enabling better cellular spreading and proliferation.

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Section: Structural and Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Biocompatibility and Corrosion Resistance of Si/ZrO2 Bioceramic Coating on AZ91D Using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) for Advanced Biomedical Applications

Thirugnanasambandam,

Gupta,

Murugapandian

2024

Metals

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“…During the process of thermal decomposition, ZrSiO 4 is decomposed into ZrO 2 and SiO 2 by high temperature electric furnace. The higher decomposition temperature causes expensive production costs, which limits the use of the process [4,5]. In the chlorination process, ZrSiO 4 is chlorinated to form ZrCl 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Zr and Si in Zirconium Silicate by Sodium Hydroxide Sub-Molten Salt

Sun,

Song,

2024

Metals

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In order to cleanly and efficiently extract zirconium from zircon sand (the main component is ZrSiO4), sodium hydroxide sub-molten salt was used to decompose ZrSiO4 in this study. When ZrSiO4 reacts with sodium hydroxide sub-molten salt, the formation of Na2ZrSiO5 (a water-insoluble product) considerably affects the separation efficiency of Zr and Si and increases production cost. Thus, it is necessary to control the formation of Na2ZrSiO5. The influence of NaOH content, reaction temperature, reaction time, and NaOH/ore mass ratio on the formation of Na2ZrSiO5 were systematically investigated. The optimum reaction parameters for the inhibition of Na2ZrSiO5 formation were as follows: 80% NaOH content, 245 °C reaction temperature, 4:1 NaOH/ore mass ratio, 10 h reaction time, and 400 r/min agitation speed. These results indicate that ZrSiO4 is decomposed to Na2ZrO3 and Na2SiO3 by reacting with NaOH, realizing the separation of Zr and Si, and then the reactions between Na2ZrO3 and Na2SiO3 result in the formation of Na2ZrSiO5, during the decomposition of ZrSiO4 using NaOH sub-molten salt. The sub-molten salt decomposition process can realize the clean extraction of zirconium, which is conducive to the sustainable development of zirconium resources.

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Solar Assisted Production of MgAl2O4 from Bayer Process Electrofilter Fines as Source of Al2O3

Fernández-González,

Piñuela-Noval,

Ruiz-Bustinza

et al. 2024

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Compared with conventional high-temperature methods based on electricity and fossil fuels, concentrated solar energy route offers distinct advantages in terms of mitigating emissions of contaminants and shortening processing times. Nevertheless, solar-based route also encounters challenges in producing significant quantities of materials, although the deployment of this technology is still conditioned by the limited investigation in the field. This study presents a novel high-temperature process based on solar energy to produce MgAl2O4 spinel, which employs as source of Al2O3 a waste from the aluminum industry: waste alumina fines from the Bayer process. First, mixtures were prepared by mechanical mixing in a molar ratio 1:1 in agreement with the MgO–Al2O3 binary phase diagram. Then, synthesis of the MgAl2O4 spinel was conducted by static experiments (5 min) with direct application of concentrated solar energy (1150 W/cm2) at temperatures greatly exceeding 1800 °C as reported by ANSYS software. Wastes from three Bayer process factories were studied, which exhibited after the synthesis process a good crystallinity. The carbon dioxide emissions avoidance would range from the 200 to 500 tons of CO2/year in the case of a small plant producing 1000 tons/year to 5000 to 12,000 tons of CO2/year in the case of a commercial plant producing 25,000 tons/year, thus contributing to mitigate climate change. The proposed process might lead to smaller volume of wastes in the aluminum industry, while the MgAl2O4 may be used as raw material in the numerous fields based on the chemical, thermal, dielectric, mechanical and optical properties. Graphical Abstract

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Solar dissociation of zirconium silicate sand: A clean alternative to obtain zirconium dioxide

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Biocompatibility and Corrosion Resistance of Si/ZrO2 Bioceramic Coating on AZ91D Using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) for Advanced Biomedical Applications

Biocompatibility and Corrosion Resistance of Si/ZrO2 Bioceramic Coating on AZ91D Using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) for Advanced Biomedical Applications

Separation of Zr and Si in Zirconium Silicate by Sodium Hydroxide Sub-Molten Salt

Solar Assisted Production of MgAl2O4 from Bayer Process Electrofilter Fines as Source of Al2O3

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