Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions III: Solar thermochemical reactor design and modeling

Schrader, Andrew J.; Dominicis, Gianmarco De; Schieber, Garrett L.; Loutzenhiser, Peter G.

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.003

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[ 4–6 ] In CSP systems, Co 3 O 4 /CoO, Mn 2 O 3 /Mn 3 O 4 , and CuO/Cu 2 O are three typical types of metal oxides couples as shown in Equations ()–(). [ 7–9 ]

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 2 {Co}_{3} {normalO}_{4} (s) + 844 kJ / kg ⇌ 6 CoO (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (850 - 930^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 6 {Mn}_{2} {normalO}_{3} (s) + 204 kJ / kg ⇌ 4 {Mn}_{3} {normalO}_{4} (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (800 - 1000^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 4 CuO (s) + 811 kJ / kg ⇌ 2 {Cu}_{2} O (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (1000 - 1050^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Structure Evolution of MnFe Oxides for High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

Xiang

et al. 2021

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Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) materials have emerged as a promising alternative to meet the high‐temperature energy storage requirements of concentrated solar power plants. However, most of the energy storage materials are facing challenges in redox kinetics and cyclic stability. Iron‐doped manganese oxide attracts raising attention due to its non‐toxicity, low cost, and high energy capacity over 800 °C. However, there are few investigations on the reversibility enhancement of the redox reaction from the microstructural‐evolution‐mechanism point of view. Herein, bixbyite‐type (Mn0.8Fe0.2)2O3 is synthesized and extruded into honeycomb units, which can maintain an 85% initial capacity after 100 redox cycles. It is also found that a self‐assembled core‐shell MnFe2O4@Mn2.7Fe0.3O4 structure forms during the reduction step, and then transforms into a homogeneous solid solution of (Mn0.8Fe0.2)2O3 in the following oxidation step. During the reduction step, shells are formed spontaneously from the Mn2.7Fe0.3O4 with the MnFe2O4 as cores due to the lower surface energy, which facilitates the oxygen adsorption and dissociation during subsequent oxidation step. Through the density functional theory calculation, it is revealed that the lower formation energy of oxygen vacancies in the shell contributes to the improvement of oxygen diffusion rate. This study can provide a guideline to design prospective materials for high‐temperature TCES.

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“…[ 4–6 ] In CSP systems, Co 3 O 4 /CoO, Mn 2 O 3 /Mn 3 O 4 , and CuO/Cu 2 O are three typical types of metal oxides couples as shown in Equations ()–(). [ 7–9 ]

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 2 {Co}_{3} {normalO}_{4} (s) + 844 kJ / kg ⇌ 6 CoO (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (850 - 930^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 6 {Mn}_{2} {normalO}_{3} (s) + 204 kJ / kg ⇌ 4 {Mn}_{3} {normalO}_{4} (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (800 - 1000^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

\begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} left \\ 4 CuO (s) + 811 kJ / kg ⇌ 2 {Cu}_{2} O (s) \\ + {normalO}_{2} (g) (1000 - 1050^{\circ} C) \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Structure Evolution of MnFe Oxides for High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

Xiang

et al. 2021

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“…So far, solar receivers for metal-oxide reduction are mainly based on the rotary kiln concept [27][28][29] or applied as fluidized bed [30], packed bed reactor [31], and gravity-driven particle receivers [32][33][34]. The rotary-kiln concept already achieved wall temperatures up to 1000 • C in solar simulators [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a continuously working solar receiver needs to be heated up only once, which improves the thermal efficiency of the system. The oxidation of metal oxides for thermochemical storage application was investigated with packed bed reactors [19,25] and a fluidized bed reactor [35]. These reactors are suitable for the oxidation of metal oxides but do not allow for a continuous metal-oxide flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Moving Bed Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Metal Oxides

Preisner

Linder

2020

Energies

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High-temperature thermal energy storage enables concentrated solar power plants to provide base load. Thermochemical energy storage is based on reversible gas-solid reactions and brings along the advantage of potential loss-free energy storage in the form of separated reaction products and possible high energy densities. The redox reaction of metal oxides is able to store thermal energy at elevated temperatures with air providing the gaseous reaction partner. However, due to the high temperature level, it is crucial to extract both the inherent sensible and thermochemical energies of the metal-oxide particles for enhanced system efficiency. So far, experimental research in the field of thermochemical energy storage focused mainly on solar receivers for continuously charging metal oxides. A continuously operated system of energy storage and solar tower decouples the storage capacity from generated power with metal-oxide particles applied as heat transfer medium and energy storage material. Hence, a heat exchanger based on a countercurrent moving bed concept was developed in a kW-scale. The reactor addresses the combined utilization of the reaction enthalpy of the oxidation and the extraction of thermal energy of a manganese-iron-oxide particle flow. A stationary temperature profile of the bulk was achieved with two distinct temperature sections. The oxidation induced a nearly isothermal section with an overall stable off-gas temperature. The oxidation and heat extraction from the manganese-iron oxide resulted in a total energy density of 569 kJ/kg with a thermochemical share of 21.1%.

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“…[ 2 ] Redox‐based TCES systems that use air as the reactant gas are particularly interesting because they do not require expensive gas storage and promise simple operation. Redox‐based materials include Co 3 O 4 –CoO, [ 3 ] Mn 2 O 3 –Mn 3 O 4 , [ 4,5 ] BaO 2 –BaO, [ 7,8 ] CuO–Cu 2 O, [ 6 ] and perovskites. [ 9–11 ] A barrier to using these materials is that they may have relatively low volumetric energy density (<1000 MJ m −3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Kinetics of Magnesium‐Manganese Oxides for High‐Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

et al. 2020

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In this article, the high‐temperature (≥1000 °C) oxidation kinetics of porous magnesium‐manganese oxide structures considered for large‐scale thermochemical energy storage are determined. For this analysis, oxides with Mn/Mg molar ratios of 2/3, 1/1, and 2/1 are synthesized via solid‐state reaction and crushed to a powder with particle sizes ranging from 125 to 180 μm. The powder is thermally reduced at 1500 °C inside a heated alumina tube under argon flow. Subsequently, the resulting porous bed is oxidized at temperatures between 1000 and 1500 °C with an oxygen to argon molar ratio of 1:4 (leading to an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 atm). An Arrhenius‐type kinetic rate law is derived using the theory of internal oxidation assuming spherical particles. Subsequently, the kinetic rate law parameters are identified by comparing measured oxygen flow at the reactor outlet to the oxygen output computed using a 1D plug flow reactor model incorporating the postulated kinetic model. Results indicate that the derived bulk kinetic rate law describes the measured oxidation kinetics well and is suited for designing thermochemical energy storage modules based on magnesium‐manganese oxides.

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Solar electricity via an Air Brayton cycle with an integrated two-step thermochemical cycle for heat storage based on Co3O4/CoO redox reactions III: Solar thermochemical reactor design and modeling

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Self‐Assembled Structure Evolution of MnFe Oxides for High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

Self‐Assembled Structure Evolution of MnFe Oxides for High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

A Moving Bed Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Metal Oxides

Oxidation Kinetics of Magnesium‐Manganese Oxides for High‐Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

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