Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations

Irfan, Muhammad; Zhao, Zhenyu; Ahmad, Munir; Mukeshimana, Marie Claire

doi:10.3390/su11041206

Cited by 194 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pakistan has a collective hydropower potential of 60,000 MW, according to WAPDA. The obtainable technical potential for power generation through biomass, small hydro, wind and solar are measured in [98,118,119]. From the available sources of biomass, power of 35.625 million kWh can be generated on a daily basis, stated by [119].…”

Section: Discussion and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy policy is acute for a developing country like Islamic Republic of Pakistan in view of its development and growth of population. The country had certain plans and various rounds of energy policy such as owner Policy, Energy Conservation and Efficiency Policy and Environment Policy, Petroleum Policy, and Renewable Energy Policy [23,24]. The Alternative and Renewable Energy Policy 2019 (ARE Policy 2019) sets out plans for more realization of renewables' full potential in Pakistan while encouraging contentious electricity pricing in the energy sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Scenario in South Asia: Analytical Assessment and Policy Implications

et al. 2020

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In the South Asian countries, including Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, the current energy scenario is considered non-sustainable due to diverse issues such as economic, environmental, geopolitical, technological options for energy exploitation, and negligible volume of regional energy trade. Though, within the region, India is leading a phase of energy transition and economic transformation through renewable energy development. The countries need to exhibit well in the development of their renewable sources following the rapid pace of renewable energies worldwide. This paper offers an overview of the energy scenario, growth of renewable energies, evolution, and approach for energy policy by highlighting key challenges and barriers for the ecological energy mix of the countries. Importantly, the paper assesses the current energy mix in South Asia, highlighting the anomaly of its fossil fuel-based future outlook, its ambitions to move towards less environmental pollution, and sustainable energy mix through a strategic tool SWOT analysis; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). In particular, this study examines the government policies to expand the implementation of renewable sources with an insight into the existing regulatory structure of the energy sector. The presented research findings suggest that to achieve the ambitious target to reduce emission discharge by up to 30% by the year 2030 under Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), the Governments of the three countries must take preemptive measures. It includes the stage-wise reduction of subsidies on fossil fuels, market integration within the region, and swift realization of the existing initiatives through strong political will, good governance, adoption of the latest technologies, and a pragmatic action plan, and energy cooperation across the region.

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Section: Discussion and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Scenario in South Asia: Analytical Assessment and Policy Implications

et al. 2020

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“…The cost specifications for the off-grid solar PV system are shown in Table 5. It was identified using Equation (12), that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the proposed off-grid solar PV system is PKR 6.87/kWh, however, the electricity cost from the conventional energy sources is PKR 20.79/kWh [60]. Thus, electricity produced by the solar PV system saves each household approximately PKR 13.92 per kWh.…”

Section: The Economic Viability Of Solar Pv Power Generation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the above-stated factors, the off-grid solar energy is the best option to generate electricity for rural regions of the province. The regions of the Sindh province receive a high amount of solar radiance throughout the year [12]. The province has enormous potential for solar energy and receives high solar irradiation, with more than 300 sunlight days with about 1800-2200 kWh/m 2 annual global horizontal irradiation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Grid Solar PV Power Generation System in Sindh, Pakistan: A Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis

Wang

Solangi

et al. 2019

Processes

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The off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system is a significant step towards electrification in the remote rural regions, and it is the most convenient and easy to install technology. However, the strategic problem is in identifying the potential of solar energy and the economic viability in particular regions. This study, therefore, addresses this problem by evaluating the solar energy potential and economic viability for the remote rural regions of the Sindh province, Pakistan. The results recommended that the rural regions of Sindh have suitable solar irradiance to generate electricity. An appropriate tilt angle has been computed for the selected rural regions, which significantly enhances the generation capacity of solar energy. Moreover, economic viability has been undertaken in this study and it was revealed that the off-grid solar PV power generation system provides electricity at the cost of Pakistani Rupees (PKR) 6.87/kWh and is regarded as much cheaper than conventional energy sources, i.e., around PKR 20.79/kWh. Besides, the off-grid solar PV power generation system could mitigate maximum CO2 annually on the condition that all of the selected remote rural regions adopt the off-grid solar PV system. Therefore, this study shall help the government to utilize the off-grid solar PV power generation system in the remote rural regions of Pakistan.

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“…A continuous increase in the electrical energy utilization is seen due to an increase in the population, advanced technology usage, etc. [1][2]. Since last two decades, a load shading of 10-12 h/day is faced by the peoples of Pakistan due to a shortfall of electrical energy even though at about 43% population is living without electricity and about 50,000 small villages are far away from the excess to national grid [3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Optimum Sized Solar PV Inverter on Energy Injected to AC Grid and Energy Loss in Pakistan

Bhutto¹

2020

IJST

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Objective: To analyze the effect of optimized size inverter for Nawabshah Sindh Pakistan on the annual energy injected to ac grid and energy loss. Methods: Using the optimized sizing ratio of 1.4664, which is the ratio of rated photovoltaic system to the rated inverter size the simulations are carried out in MATLAB for 3 kW and 50 kW photovoltaic systems. A comparison between the conventional sized system that is the photovoltaic system and inverter of the same size and optimized system where the photovoltaic inverter is connected with respect to the sizing ratio are taken and simulations are carried out using real time data of solar irradiation and ambient temperature of Nawabshah Sindh Pakistan in MATLAB for one year. Findings: It is seen that 5830 kWh and 97,162 kWh energy is annually injected to the utility grid or load and annual power loss of 274 kWh and 4568 kWh from conventional sized 3 kW and 50 kW PV systems, respectively. While the annual energy injected to the ac grid is 5852 kWh and 97,529 kWh and annual power loss of 252 kWh and 4201 kWh from optimized sized 3 kW and 50 kW PV systems, respectively. Novelty: Thus, we can say that the optimized system not only reduces the size of the inverter but also improves the system efficiency and reduces the losses which eventually decreases the capital cost of the PV system and energy production.

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Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations

Cited by 194 publications

References 25 publications

Energy Scenario in South Asia: Analytical Assessment and Policy Implications

Energy Scenario in South Asia: Analytical Assessment and Policy Implications

Off-Grid Solar PV Power Generation System in Sindh, Pakistan: A Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis

Effect of Optimum Sized Solar PV Inverter on Energy Injected to AC Grid and Energy Loss in Pakistan

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