Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems -- Energy Storage (SEGIS-ES).

Abstract

This paper describes the concept for augmenting the SEGIS Program (an industry-led effort to greatly enhance the utility of distributed PV systems) with energy storage in residential and small commercial applications (SEGIS-ES). The goal of SEGIS-ES is to develop electrical energy storage components and systems specifically designed and optimized for grid-tied PV applications. This report describes the scope of the proposed SEGIS-ES Program and why it will be necessary to integrate energy storage with PV systems as PVgenerated energy becomes more prevalent on the nation's utility grid. It also discusses the applications for which energy storage is most suited and for which it will provide the greatest economic and operational benefits to customers and utilities. Included is a detailed summary of the various storage technologies available, comparisons of their relative costs and development status, and a summary of key R&D needs for PV-storage systems. The report concludes with highlights of areas where further PV-specific R&D is needed and offers recommendations about how to proceed with their development.

Microgrids for base stations: Renewable energy prediction and battery bank management for effective state of charge control

“…PV power is desirable for its minimal environmental impact, reduced reliance on oil and improved secure electricity supply [49]. Moreover, since the efficiency of PV cells is expected to improve by 44 to 50 percent in the future [50], the contribution of power production by PV systems to electricity grids will increase significantly.…”

Significance of Storage on Solar Photovoltaic System—A Residential Load Case Study in Australia

“…A recent study on high penetration of PV on present grid mentioned that energy storage is the ultimate solution for allowing intermittent sources to address utility base load needs [12]. Storage integrated PV systems should be beneficial in operational, financial and environmental perspective.…”

“…PV systems are a small part of present electricity infrastructure and have little effect on the overall power quality or reliability of grid power. However, when PV penetration reaches sufficiently high level, the intermittent/transient nature of PV generation begins to have noticeable negative effects on the entire grid [12]. Grid energy storage is mostly important for matching supply and demand over 24 hours period of time.…”

Technology development needs for integrated grid-connected PV systems and electric energy storage

“…Table 1 shows the current and projected first capital costs of energy storage systems based on technologies identified as suitable for residential and small-commercial PV-Storage systems. Table 1 was compiled from the results of a literature review and discussions with technology leaders at national laboratories and in industry [4]. Recent increases in the prices of materials, such as lead, for existing battery technologies have led to increased system costs.…”