Solar global ultraviolet and broadband global radiant fluxes and their relationships with aerosol optical depth at New Delhi

The attenuation effect on ultraviolet radiation caused by aerosol and cloud in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau of China

“…In general, a UV radiation decrease accompanies a cloud amount increase for different bandings of the sun's altitude. This trend is similar to those in Granada, Spain (Foyo-Moreno et al, 2001) and Valladolid, Spain (Mateos et al, 2010), which is caused by the increasing attenuation effect with cloud cover increases (Norsang et al,2009;Bilbao et al, 2011;Bano et al, 2013).…”

“…The maximum monthly UV radiation as determined from the average hourly values ranged from 98.6 kJ m À2 (December) to 154.3 kJ m À2 (June) in Lhasa, China. This result can be compared to earlier studies, for example, Bano et al (2013) reported values of 58 kJ m À2 (December) and 122 kJ m À2 (April) in Delhi. Fig.…”

“…Bano et al (2013) determined that the daily-averaged UV radiation in New Delhi (India) is 0.67 MJ m À2 , and the yearly value of UV radiation is 178 MJ m À2 . As for observed results in other regions, the values are approximately 206 MJ m À2 in Ottawa (Canada) (Yamasaki, 1983) and 280 MJ m À2 in Makkah of Saudi Arabia (Khogali and Al-Bar, 1992).…”

UVvariability in an arid region of Northwest China from measurements and reconstructions

“…Above UV observations were generally higher than those (Table ) in Beijing (0.38 MJ m −2 ), Luancheng (0.43 MJ m −2 ), Yucheng (0.47 MJ m −2 ), Fengqiu (0.49 MJ m −2 ), Wuhan (0.49 MJ m −2 ), Jiaozhouwan (0.51 MJ m −2 ), Changwu (0.52 MJ m −2 ), Sanjiang (0.53 MJ m −2 ) and Shapotou (0.59 MJ m −2 ), lower than those at Haibei (0.67 MJ m −2 ) and LS (0.92 MJ m −2 ) in China (Hu et al ., , , , ; Wang et al ., ), which may be attributed to the different geographical locations and climate types, such as altitude, aerosol burden, water vapour and ozone concentrations. The findings can also be compared with those in other observations around the world, which were clearly shown in Table , for example, annual mean daily UV radiation was about 0.42, 0.55, 0.67, 0.83 MJ m −2 in Łódź (Poland), Maceió (Brazil), New Delhi (India), Valencia (Spain), respectively (Cañada et al ., ; Murillo et al ., ; Jacovides et al ., ; Bano et al ., ). Similar comparisons have also been conducted in our earlier study (Wang et al ., ), which will be further analysed in later studies.…”

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics in the Clearness Index Derived from Global Solar Radiation Observations in Korea

“…Global solar radiation refers to the total amount of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface, which varies dramatically over temporal and spatial scales due to varying atmospheric conditions above the surface. These variations can be attributed to the absorption and scattering of radiation by clouds, water vapor, aerosols, and other gases in the atmosphere, but are difficult to predict, primarily because of non-linear interactions in this complex system [1][2][3].…”