Solar induced earthquakes – review and new results

Abstract

<p>A lot of information has been accumulated recently demonstrating impacts of solar activity on the Earth’s seismicity. We observe the transition from correlation-driven papers to the more physical based works. The effects of solar influence could be separated by agents of energy transfer which could be electromagnetic emission of the Sun, particle fluxes of solar wind, solar proton events, modification of radiation belts and indirect impacts through the intermediate agent, such as atmosphere disturbances and modification of atmosphere circulation as effect of solar activity. Effects of the galactic cosmic rays should be taken into account including the Forbush decreases, which are result of geomagnetic storms. MHD electromagnetic sounding stimulating the earthquake activity could be considered as a physical model of the geomagnetic storms effect on the seismic activity.</p><p>The most intriguing effects discovered recently is the inducing the strong M>7 earthquakes by the precipitation from additional radiation belt at L-shell 1.5-1.8 formed after the strong geomagnetic storm. Precipitation of relativistic particles from this shell induces the strong earthquakes with delay nearly 2 months.</p><p>One very importing agent of geosphere coupling including the energy transfer int the lithosphere is the Global Electric Circuite.</p><p>It is difficult to explain the observed phenomena by simple transformation of solar energy into mechanical deformation, it seems that more plausible explanation is the pumping of energy into the Earth’s crust volume being in a metastable state.</p><p>This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in accordance with Subsidy Agreement No. 05.585.21.0008. The unique identifier is RFMEFI58519X0008</p>

The Analytical Contribution to the Theory of Solar-induced Earthquakes: the Croatian December 2020 M=6.4 Case Study

“…The number of protons within unit of volume is termed as the solar Proton Density (PD). The general similarity of clustering of major earthquakes of M≥8.0 and the sunspot number during 20th century is demonstrated in [2]. Here, the increase in frequency of M≥8.0 earthquakes in the middle of century corresponds to the period when the Sun has been most active [5].…”

“…Among others, there is a relatively new research that focuses on the possible causal relation between increased solar activity and the occurrence of major earthquakes on the Earth. In [2], authors reviewed latest information accumulated on the subject, stating that the effects of solar in uence on the Earth's seismicity could be separated by agents of energy transfer, which could be electromagnetic emission of the Sun, particle uxes of solar wind, solar proton events, modi cation of radiation belts and indirect impacts through the intermediate agent such as atmosphere disturbances and modi cation of atmosphere circulation as effect of solar activity.…”

“…There are several papers indicating an increase in charged particles' bursts from the Sun before the major earthquake occurrences [7,8,9,10,11,12]. In [2], authors speculate that both the cosmic rays and the high energy particles precipitating from the radiation belt of inner magnetosphere in times of strong geomagnetic storms, may be a trigger of earthquakes.…”

Investigation of Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric and Atmospheric Disturbances for Three Large Earthquakes in Mexico

“…In recent years, research has been initiated on the potential relationship between geomagnetic storms and earthquakes in the sense that solar activity can trigger earthquakes. During the 2020 EGU meeting, Pulinets and Khachikyan [19] pointed out that both cosmic rays and high energy particles precipitating from the radiation belt in times of strong geomagnetic storms may trigger earthquakes and showed some experimental results which supported this speculation. Additionally, [55] report that, undoubtedly, solar flares may act as a trigger for strong earthquakes.…”

“…This was not the case for many decades when scientists from different fields investigated these anomalies as isolated phenomena, till the last five decades approximately when the concept of coupling earthatmosphere to a unified system emerged. During the last three decades, several theories and models have been developed to describe the physics of the earthquake preparation process concentrating either to atmospheric or magneto-ionospheric [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] pre-seismic anomalies. A comparison of these models along with the description of their advantages and deficiencies are presented in [2,20], where the authors also describe in detail the development of their Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere coupling model (LAIMC).…”