The opportunity for sociological work on energy is demonstrated by a critical review of several bodies ofnon-sociological work on energy. Included in this review is the crisis genre, the energy primer, the political economy of energy, the work of "renegade" scientists, and research by traditional economists. By criticizing these bodies of work, the potential contribution of sociology to the intellectual debate over energy is shown. Besides these critical comments, there are also several positive prescrip tions suggesting that sociological work on energy be critical, historical, and theoretical.Societal extinction threatens the United States in particular and the world in general unless abundant sources of environmentally safe energy are developed. While apocalypse has always been on the horizon of human existence, the new twist is that it is imaginable, possible, even probable within timespanse that can be immediately grasped 1 • The problem has now become thematic and personal. Thinking sociologically about energy offers the possibility of thinking our way out of a radical crisis. A social theory, capable of accurate prediction and pointing to appropriate social technologies, would not necessarily rescue us. . Neither, however, are the problems of energy purely technical, solvable by physical science or by a social science such, as econometrics. Some sociological understanding of energy use and production is necessary. Physical scientific information and factual economic data are essential, but an adequate sociological framework can go beyond to contribute something new, namely, an understanding of how technical "imperatives" interact with those of social and political life.The deluge of energy-related publications continues to accumulate at an increasing rate. This literature cannot be neatly divided along the usual disciplinary boundaries, so that one