Solar Radiation Characteristics

Kaushika, N.D.; Mishra, Anuradha; Rai, Anil K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72404-1_2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For such value of K res , the obtained values are much greater than the values obtained in [32], with open-circuit voltage is five times larger, while short-circuit current is almost 100 times larger. This is unlike semiconductor photovoltaic converters, which tend to have a rather small increase in voltage for higher irradiation [48]. Figure 14 contains the I -V and P-V characteristics of such converter where the curve of I -V characteristics extends from a cell's maximum voltage at the open circuit, and the maximum current at the closed circuit.…”

Section: Parametric Sweep For Na-ar Mixture With a Load Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

2D simulation of solar/lamp two-chamber photoelectric converter with different sodium–noble gas mixtures

Mandour¹,

Astashkevich²,

Kudryavtsev³

2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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This work is devoted to the numerical analysis of the opportunity to obtain a steady generation of electromotive force (EMF) in a two-chamber gas cell exposed to concentrated solar/lamp radiation. For this purpose, we have carried out 2D simulations of the low-pressure photoplasma in the mixtures of sodium atom vapor and different noble gases and their pressures at different values of photoexcitation rate of resonance levels of Na. Herewith plasma chemistry and transfer of charges and radiation in the volume have been taken into account. It has been established that argon is a better candidate to be used as a buffer gas for photoplasma electric converter based on the obtained plasma parameters and commercial aspects. A parametric study has been carried out for the Na–Ar mixture to investigate the effect of increasing homogeneous photoexcitation rate in the small chamber on plasma parameters and obtained EMF. Another parametric study has been conducted to calculate the output current and electric power at a loaded chain. The results show that EMF could be obtained using the photovoltaic effect in photoplasma for the two-chamber cell. The present paper gives a key to the understanding of the effect of different processes (radiation, chemical, and electric) in the cell with these gas mixtures. The obtained results can be used in projecting a solar photoelectric converter based on a two-chamber device with a mixture of sodium and noble gases.

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Section: Parametric Sweep For Na-ar Mixture With a Load Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

2D simulation of solar/lamp two-chamber photoelectric converter with different sodium–noble gas mixtures

Mandour¹,

Astashkevich²,

Kudryavtsev³

2020

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…Regarding the source of life's food supply, we now know that it ultimately comes from fusion reactions in stars like our sun (Eddington 1920). Our sun emits 3.7 x 10 26 W (Kaushika et al 2018), less than a billionth of which (1.78 × 10 17 W) strikes the earth's outer atmosphere (Wald 2009). The sun is but one of a trillion stars in the Milky Way Odenwald 2017, which is one of two trillion galaxies in the observable universe (Conselice et al 2016).…”

Section: The Struggle For Supremacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural reward drives the advancement of life

Gilbert¹

2020

ReEco

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Throughout the history of life on earth, rare and complex innovations have periodically increased the efficiency with which abiotic free energy and biotic resources are converted to biomass and organismal diversity. Such macroevolutionary expansions have increased the total amount of abiotic free energy utilized by life and shaped the earth’s ecosystems. Meanwhile, Darwin’s theory of natural selection assumes a historical, worldwide state of effective resource limitation, which could not possibly be true if life evolved from one or a few original ancestors. In this paper, I analyze the self-contradiction in Darwin’s theory that comes from viewing the world and universe as effectively resource limited. I then extend evolutionary theory to include a second deterministic evolutionary force, natural reward. Natural reward operates on complex inventions produced by natural selection and is analogous to the reward for innovation in human economic systems. I hypothesize that natural reward, when combined with climate change and extinction, leads to the increased innovativeness, or what I call the advancement, of life with time. I then discuss applications of the theory of natural reward to the evolution of evolvability, the apparent sudden appearance of new forms in the fossil record, and human economic evolution. I conclude that the theory of natural reward holds promise as an explanation for the historical advancement of life on earth.

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“…This fact is a consequence of the most intense cloudiness in the equatorial zone [7]. With the expansion of renewable sources, caused by the desire to mitigate environmental problems such as global warming [9], studies related to solar radiation have gained more importance, with several researchers using the clearness index to quantify surface global solar irradiance [10,11]. Some studies deal with the evaluation, quantification and modeling of irradiance through this index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Influence Factors on Clearness Index for the City of Fortaleza

Ponte¹,

Platini²,

Christof³

et al. 2018

IJCA

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This paper aims to analyze the influence of internal factors in the sun and Earth's atmosphere, represented by the International Sunspot Number and cloudiness, respectively, in the value of the clearness index, given by the relation between the incident radiation on the surface and at the top of the atmosphere, over a solar cycle, for the city of Fortaleza. The data of insulation hours and cloudiness were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology and the International Sunspot Number from the Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations. From these data, we calculated the annual average clearness index using theÃngstrom-Prescott equation and a comparison was made with the average cloudiness and the solar activity. The results showed a great influence by the cloudiness (-0.808) and very little by the solar activity. However, it also shows that the clearness index (0.187) presents in most of the cycle a behavior similar to that of solar activity.

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Solar Radiation Characteristics

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

2D simulation of solar/lamp two-chamber photoelectric converter with different sodium–noble gas mixtures

2D simulation of solar/lamp two-chamber photoelectric converter with different sodium–noble gas mixtures

Natural reward drives the advancement of life

Analysis of Influence Factors on Clearness Index for the City of Fortaleza

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