Solar Steam Gasification of Cellulose in a Molten Alkali Salt: Salt Chemistry and Reactor Performance

Hathaway, Brandon J.; Davidson, Jane H.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03488

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Researchers have developed a solar gasifier for the production of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas) from organic substances. A 3 kW solar gasifier prototype has been developed by Hathaway and Davidson . This gasifier operates in continuous mode at 1200 K in a high-flux solar simulator with cellulose as feed.…”

Section: Thermal Hydrogen Production Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Solar Hydrogen: Its Prospects and Limitations

Dutta

2021

Energy Fuels

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Clean and green energy has become very much desirable in recent times to mitigate the environmental problem associated with fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be utilized as sustainable energy resources whenever it is produced via green routes. Hydrogen production using solar energy is a pollution-free route as the carbon footprint is zero or significantly less than other hydrogen-generation methods. This review elucidates various hydrogen-generation routes using solar energy as the primary energy resource. Both thermal and photoassisted routes are incorporated in this review. It is found that solar photovoltaic cell associated with water electrolyzer is very popular. Biomass can also be converted to hydrogen through thermal and photoassisted processes. The economic analysis confirmed that hydrogen-fueled cars are economical as well as environmentally friendly.

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Section: Thermal Hydrogen Production Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 3 kW solar gasifier prototype has been developed by Hathaway and Davidson. 10 This gasifier operates in continuous mode at 1200 K in a high-flux solar simulator with cellulose as feed. In this gasifier, molten alkali salt is used as heat transfer media as well as a chemical catalyst.…”

Section: Thermal Hydrogen Production Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Solar Hydrogen: Its Prospects and Limitations

Dutta

2021

Energy Fuels

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“…A new biomass injection system (screw feeder) was recently proposed and a reactor thermal efficiency of 40% was reported [49]. Moreover, Xie et al [50] analyzed the solar pyrolysis of cotton stalk with and without molten salt.…”

Section: -Direct Heat Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

Rodat

Abanades

Boujjat

et al. 2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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High temperature solar thermochemical processes for fuels and chemical commodities production have been studied for decades and their feasibility is now proven. However, industrial deployment is limited and one of the main reasons is that the variability of solar energy hinders a priori day and night continuous solar process operation. Nevertheless, solar intermittence is now very well managed for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) electricity production. Indeed, thermal storage up to 600°C is demonstrated and CSP electricity is base-load capable. However, far beyond electricity, heat supply is the major need in industry. This work reviews the recent works published or patented in the field of continuous operation of high temperature solar thermochemical processes (>600°C). There is currently a strong commitment toward day and night solar processes operation since it could improve durability, quality of the products, efficiency and economics of such technologies. Indeed, industrial processes are mainly continuous and daily start up and shut down strongly limit the production capacity of the solar-driven processes, which represents a major lock for scale up. For the first time in this paper, day and night continuous high temperature solar processes are reviewed and categorized. The reported works show the great innovation activity in this field and the various options investigated to date. The main outcomes show that continuous heat supply is possible thanks to hybridization or thermal energy storage. Highlights: Round the clock high temperature solar thermochemical processes are reviewed  Hybridization (fuel, electricity) enables day and night operation  Hybrid solar/autothermal process can operate 24h a day  Heat storage can supply solar heat at night, either directly or indirectly  The solar flame concept is presented for continuous high temperature heat supply

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“…Many studies showed that molten salts might be able to strengthen the catalytic cracking of carbonaceous compounds and avoid deactivation of catalysts by dispersing cations with catalytic activity in the reaction system in the molten state. 20,21 Molten salts have a large specific heat and thermal conductivity coefficient, of which the integration with solid fuel thermal conversion has aroused increasing interest from researchers in recent years. 20−22 Hathaway and co-workers 21 studied the kinetics of pyrolysis in a bath of a ternary carbonate eutectic blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, strengthening the dispersion of the catalyst system is another effort to improve the activity of the catalyst. Many studies showed that molten salts might be able to strengthen the catalytic cracking of carbonaceous compounds and avoid deactivation of catalysts by dispersing cations with catalytic activity in the reaction system in the molten state. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Experimental Study on Thermochemical Conversion of Furan in Molten Alkali Carbonates

Yang

Gao

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Furan is a typical heterocyclic compound in pyrolytic tar and has a strong tendency of coke deposition in thermochemical conversion, leading to catalyst deactivation for tar upgrading. The present study proposed a promising method for furan cracking and reforming using molten alkali carbonates (Li 2 CO 3 −Na 2 CO 3 −K 2 CO 3 ). The results showed that a little gas was generated in the conversion process and CO dominated the gas species. In comparison to the experiment under salt-free conditions, the decarbonylation of furan in molten salt conversion was strengthened and oxygen could be removed as H 2 O into the liquid products. Under the catalysis of alkali metal cations, the conversion of furan to aromatic compounds was promoted at each temperature. Moreover, excess CO 2 enhanced the reverse water−gas reaction, resulting in the consumption of H 2 and the increase of CO in gaseous products. In addition, coke produced in molten salts was of higher reactivity and could hardly affect the stability of the molten salt system. On the basis of the good thermal conversion behavior as well as anticoking performance of molten carbonates, these findings offer a new way for the proper reforming and upgrading of furan through molten salt thermal treatment.

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Solar Steam Gasification of Cellulose in a Molten Alkali Salt: Salt Chemistry and Reactor Performance

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Review on Solar Hydrogen: Its Prospects and Limitations

Review on Solar Hydrogen: Its Prospects and Limitations

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

In-Depth Experimental Study on Thermochemical Conversion of Furan in Molten Alkali Carbonates

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