Solar thermal evaporation of human urine for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery in Vietnam

Antonini, Samantha; Nguyen, Phong Thanh; Arnold, Ute; Eichert, Thomas; Clemens, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.055

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Since 1990s, numerous studies on separating urine at source have been conducted by various groups on different aspects, such as the promotion of sustainable wastewater management (Wilsenach and van Loosdrecht, 2003) and the recovery of nutrients (Antonini et al, 2012). These studies were based on the fact that urine contains high concentrations of nutrients in a relatively small volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, energy consumption followed by the increase of operational cost is one of the major challenges for the application of evaporation to source-separated urine. Recently, Antonini et al (2012) introduced solar thermal evaporation into human urine for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery, which provided a feasible solution for the application of evaporation technique to human urine with a much lower cost. However, it was a pity that discussions were sparsely found on the feasibility of the collected condensate water as the reclaimed water in their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Zuo

Chu

2015

Chemosphere

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Three common virucidal techniques (chlorine, UV and UV/TiO2) were applied to inactivate virus (MS2 and Phi X174) in condensate water after the evaporation of source-separated urine for reclaimed water. The inactivation efficiencies were compared with the results of previous studies, with the emphasis on the analysis of water matrix effects. Results showed that all virus inactivation in condensate water were lower than the control (in sterilized DI water). As for UV/TiO2 disinfection, both nitrate and ammonia nitrogen could promote slightly viral inactivation, while the inhibition by urea was dominant. Similarly, ammonia nitrogen had greater impacts on chlorine disinfection than urea and nitrate. In contrast, all water matrices (urea, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen) had little influence on UV disinfection. Based on the findings in this study, UV disinfection could be recommended for disinfecting the reclaimed water from the evaporation of source-separated urine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Zuo

Chu

2015

Chemosphere

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“…The recovered P can be as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), calcium phosphate, biosolids, ash from waste incineration and other P based fertilizers. Most of these products have been tested as agricultural additives, and most have commercial merit, either as soil additive or industrial P source (Suzuki, Tanaka et al 2007, Ksawery, John et al 2010, Sengupta and Pandit 2011, Antonini, Nguyen et al 2012). There is an opportunity to recycle P from waste streams as a valuable agriculture product.…”

Section: Research Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced phosphorus solubility during anaerobic digestion

Latif¹

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Worldwide phosphorus (P) consumption has increased massively over the last century, to overcome soil nutrient constraints, and to feed an increasing population with an increasing level of urbanization.However, current P reserves are limited and are expected to deplete in 50-120 years. Hence, new techniques to source P from alternative resources are essential. Waste streams are the largest alternative resource of P, with much of the organic wastes containing P treated by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, P recovery from the digested waste streams is limited by in-reactor P precipitation, and inaccessibility of soil available P in sludge biosolids. In-reactor P precipitation increases the operational costs of a treatment facility due to scaling and precipitation, there are strong advantages in being able to recover P as a purified mineral product. In such circumstances, keeping high PO4 concentration during AD is vital to enhance its recovery post AD.This thesis aims to assess two different techniques to enhance PO4 concentration during AD from waste activated sludge (WAS): low pH and high pressure (enabling low pH). Low pH single stage AD was tested in both batch and continuous mode. In the batch study, biochemical methane potential tests were conducted for 51 days at a pH range of 5.0 to 7.2 in two separate sets (two different WAS samples collected from municipal WWTP). Low pH (< 5.7) caused a significant loss in the methane potential (B0) of up to 33%, with 3.6 times increase in PO4 concentration compared to the neutral pH (7 -7.7), but with no major change in methane production rate coefficient (khyd). The loss in methane yield was mainly due to decrease in hydrolytic capability rather than inhibition of methanogenesis with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) being < 300 mgCOD L -1 and soluble COD < 1300 mgCOD L -1 even at low pH. While pH did not influence the acetoclastic community (Methanosaeta dominated), it was the primary driver for the remaining community, and caused a loss of diversity and shift to Clostridia.To validate the results from batch conditions, continuous low pH AD was performed using similar substrate and pH conditions. The influence of the pH on PO4 concentration was similar in continuous and batch. It was found that the low pH (5.5) caused a significant increase in PO4 concentration up to 79% of the total P, while methane yield was reduced by 50%. VFAs and SCOD concentrations increased from 40 to 504 mg L -1 and 600 to 2017 mg L -1 respectively, as the pH was reduced from 7.0 to 5.5. Higher concentration of propionic acid (370 -430 mg L -1 ) was recorded at low pH (< 5.5).The reduction in methane yield was associated with a shift in microbial community and decreased destruction of particulate organics. Acidogens dominated at low pH (< 6.0), while methanogens decreased by 88% at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. Apart from the loss in methanogenic and hydrolytic capacity, continuous acid dosing to maintain low pH condition was identified as a key limitation with this technology. To assess an...

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“…In addition, the ultraviolet radiation and infrared heat are known to be effective in the degradation of micropollutants [28]. The high sodium level raised by the urine deposit would also inhibit microbial growth in UDS-DWH.…”

Section: Uds and Urine P Retention In Dwhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Utilization of Dried Water Hyacinth for Phosphorous Recovery from Source-Separated Human Urine

Bo-qi¹,

Zhou²,

Zheng³

et al. 2012

JEP

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This research demonstrated the feasibility of converting source-separated human urine into a solid fertilizer by means of continuous absorption and solar thermal evaporation using dried water hyacinth as adsorbent. In a preliminary experiment, the dried petioles of water hyacinth (DWH) absorbed urine in a mean rate of 18.78 ml·g −1 within 7 d, retrieving about 3.46% urine dissolved solids (UDS). In an advanced experiment, the DWH's capacity of urine absorption declined from an initial 2.73 L·kg, with a requirement of material change in about 25 effective days and an average ratio of 25 (L) to 1 (kg). Phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) concentration in the adsorbent increased from 0.46% (material baseline) to 3.14% (end product), suggesting a satisfactory recovery of the element. In field application, the urine was discharged, not in wet weather, onto the DWH via a tube connected to a waterless urinal. There are several ways to use the UDS-DWH as P(K)-rich fertilizer, e.g., making soluble fertilizer for foliage spraying to encourage prolific flowering and fruiting. Apparently, utilization of water hyacinth waste to recover dissolved plant nutrient elements from source-separated urine will benefit the environment in a wide range of perspectives. The herein innovative use of water hyacinth is also expected to be useful in the recycling of certain dissolved hazardous materials.

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Solar thermal evaporation of human urine for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery in Vietnam

Cited by 66 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection

Enhanced phosphorus solubility during anaerobic digestion

Field Utilization of Dried Water Hyacinth for Phosphorous Recovery from Source-Separated Human Urine

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