Solar thermal market in Taiwan

Chang, Keh‐Chin; Lin, Wei Min; Chung, Kung Ming

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.12.040

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It was well agreed [10] that scale formation/corrosion becomes more significant as the water temperature is elevated. In the case of a SWH, the temperature of 80 • C, which can be frequently reached in the summer of Taiwan, was used in the estimation of the B term in Equation (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solar radiation ranges from 1200 to 1700 kWh/m 2 /year. To disseminate SWHs, the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMOEA, the first-stage national subsidy program: 1986-1991; the second-stage national subsidy program: 2000-present) and some regional governments have offered subsidy programs [2]. The Energy Research Center at National Cheng Kung University (ERC/NCKU) has been authorized by the BEMOEA to organize an operation unit for the second national subsidy program starting in 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Water Quality on the Use of Solar Water Heaters in Remote Islands of Taiwan

Fan

Chang

Chung

2016

Water

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Abstract:The use of solar water heaters (SWHs) in Taiwan's remote islands has been subjected to scaling and, in particular, corrosion problems due to sources of water. In this study, four different water quality indices including the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), the Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and the Larson-Skold Corrosive Index (LSCI) were employed to assess the scaling and corrosion tendencies in SWHs caused by tap water and ground water in the Penghu, Kinmen, and Lienchiang counties, each of which is constituted of several remote islands. In general, the LSI, the RSI, and the PSI results show a slight scaling tendency in Penghu, but a corrosion tendency in Kinmen and Lienchiang. Nevertheless, all LSCI results show a serious steel corrosion tendency in these three counties. In addition, the chloride ion (Cl − ) concentrations are higher than 45 mg/L in either tap water (except for the Lieyu township in Kinmen) or ground water. This fact resulted in serious corrosion problems, as found in the currently installed SWHs, which were mainly made from 304 stainless steel. The metals with higher corrosion resistance to chloride ions are required in the manufacture of SWHs to be installed on these three remote-island counties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Water Quality on the Use of Solar Water Heaters in Remote Islands of Taiwan

Fan

Chang

Chung

2016

Water

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“…Further, it is noted that the units of SWHs installed from 2000 to 2012 were 3336 and 413 in Kinmen County and Penghu County, respectively. Chang et al [8] indicated that the regional subsidy program introduced by the government of Kinmen County was the main force influencing the growth in sales. …”

Section: Background: Kinmen and Penghu Countiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Taiwan, the climatic conditions are predominantly very sunny, with daily average solar radiation of 3.25 kWh/m 2 in the north and 4.64 kWh/m 2 in the south. For promotion of solar water heaters (SWHs), the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMOEA, 1986(BEMOEA, -1991(BEMOEA, and 2000 and some regional governments have established subsidy programs [8]. The accumulated area of solar collectors installed at the end of 2012 reached 2.25 million square meters (275 m 2 per thousand inhabitants).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination of Solar Water Heaters in Taiwan: The Case of Remote Islands

et al. 2013

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Solar water heaters represent the success story in the development of renewable energy in Taiwan. With increasing public awareness, there are over 0.3 million residential systems in operation. To disseminate solar water heaters in remote islands, economic feasibility and water quality are taken into account in this study. The payback period in Kinmen and Penghu Counties are evaluated, according to effective annual solar energy gain, hot water consumption pattern and cost. Assessment of the scaling and corrosion tendencies for solar water heaters using tap and underground water are also presented. For flat-plate solar collectors with metal components, favorable corrosion resistance and protective anti-corrosion coatings are required.

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“…It has also been noted that the significant increase in the sales of SWHs in 2010 was due to a regional subsidy program by a local government (Lin et al 2012). In Figure 1, it is also noted that the financial incentive might only be effective at the initial stage of each subsidy program (Chang et al 2013b). Nevertheless, SWHs represent the most successful story of utilization of renewable energy in Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incentives to using solar thermal energy in Taiwan

2015

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A national subsidy program is one of the key elements for translating customer choice into a larger market share for renewable energies. Since solar water heaters (SWHs) are a cost-effective and mature technology, purchase-based subsidy programs have been sponsored by the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BEMOEA) in Taiwan. The market of SWHs is associated with economic factors, population characteristics, degree of urbanization (available roof space), and climatic conditions. Regional programs have also affected the growth in sales. However, the penetration rates are still low, and the local market has changed little in recent years. Thus, the timing of the termination of the long-duration subsidy program is a subject of debate. In this study, a new scheme in the residential sector is proposed in the period of 2016 to 2019. In addition, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) make up the majority of Taiwanese companies. Most SMEs suffer from insufficient capital to support their commercial activities. To prompt solar thermal energy in the commercial sector, the energy service company (ESCO) business model can be adopted. The same feed-in tariffs for PV systems can be granted for SWHs and photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems with performance-based subsidies to end users or ESCOs.

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Solar thermal market in Taiwan

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

The Impact of Water Quality on the Use of Solar Water Heaters in Remote Islands of Taiwan

The Impact of Water Quality on the Use of Solar Water Heaters in Remote Islands of Taiwan

Dissemination of Solar Water Heaters in Taiwan: The Case of Remote Islands

Incentives to using solar thermal energy in Taiwan

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