Solar thermal process heat in fishmeal production: Prospects for two South African fishmeal factories

Untitled

“…The study demonstrated that the installation profitability is justified in factory A, because it is required a relatively constant heat monthly demand and due to the high cost of fuel oil which make this system a competitive solar technology. However, installing an FPC system in factory B is not feasible due to the low cost of carbon and because the seasonal demand profile is variable [31]. A study to evaluate the performance of incorporating a heat storage system with phase change materials together with FPC collectors in the tropical zone of Merida-Mexico revealed that lauric acid, due to its thermophysical characteristics, is the most appropriate PCM to obtain a higher thermal gain throughout the year.…”

Energy Saving Potential of Industrial Solar Collectors in Southern Regions of Russia: The Case of Krasnodar Region

“…In South Africa there is the system of incentives for demonstration projects on the use of high-power solar collectors in the food and textile industries, aimed at raising awareness about the possibilities of using this technology and developing the production of power equipment [5,29]. Industrial solar collectors have also received support in Tunisia as part of the Prosol industrial development program, launched in 2010 with financial support from the Italian Ministry of the Environment and the United Nations Environment Program.…”

Solar Energy in Industrial Processes

“…When a protocol to solar heat for process industrial integration (SHIP integration) is being designed, there are some parameters that determine the solar heat integration potential: a) inherent to the process: energy demand [5], hourly heat demand profile, seasonal heat demand profile [6], temperature intervals, continuous, semicontinuous or batch processes, different kinds of solar heat (steam, drying, hot water) [7]; b) regarding to the facilities: location [5], surface area availability; c) depending on the expected objectives: solar fraction, outlet temperatures, payback time, lower emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), saving costs [8]. However, the picture is not complete if the limitations or restrictions that represent serious challenges to overcome to achieve efficient use of solar energy are not given equal importance: a) inherent to the process: higher process heat demand than solar heat produced; b) regarding to the facilities: limited flexibility of the systems, use of outdated or non-optimal technology for process conditions, higher costs of solar heating systems than fossil fuel conventional systems [6].…”

“…When a protocol to solar heat for process industrial integration (SHIP integration) is being designed, there are some parameters that determine the solar heat integration potential: a) inherent to the process: energy demand [5], hourly heat demand profile, seasonal heat demand profile [6], temperature intervals, continuous, semicontinuous or batch processes, different kinds of solar heat (steam, drying, hot water) [7]; b) regarding to the facilities: location [5], surface area availability; c) depending on the expected objectives: solar fraction, outlet temperatures, payback time, lower emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), saving costs [8]. However, the picture is not complete if the limitations or restrictions that represent serious challenges to overcome to achieve efficient use of solar energy are not given equal importance: a) inherent to the process: higher process heat demand than solar heat produced; b) regarding to the facilities: limited flexibility of the systems, use of outdated or non-optimal technology for process conditions, higher costs of solar heating systems than fossil fuel conventional systems [6]. And all these considerations must in turn take into account energy policy and the associated investment, which can also limit or restrict the optimal use of solar energy: lack of economic support to research and innovation to tuning and updating of technology, lack of standard procedures for the implementation and evaluation of technological systems, difficulty promoting attractive investment and business models for the deployment and integration of renewable energies, and few market incentives [9], prohibitions to produce and distribute renewable heat [10], among other.…”