Solar ultraviolet irradiance at Palmer Station, Antarctica

Frederick, John E.; Lubin, Dan

doi:10.1029/ar062p0043

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Stratospheric ozone concentrations commonly fall below 30% and sometimes <50% of pre‐ozone‐hole concentrations in this season (Kerr, ). As a consequence, the intensities of ultraviolet‐B radiation (UVBR, 280–320 nm) reaching the surface of the Southern Ocean increase (Arrigo, ; Frederick & Lubin, ) and can potentially harm marine organisms, including primary producers (Häder & Sinha, ). Moreover, spring ozone concentration over Antarctica is not expected to recover to the pre‐1970s state for several decades (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a certain degree of stratospheric ozone depletion may persist throughout the period of greatest primary production (PP; Frederick & Lubin, 1994;Jones & Shanklin, 1995), the lowest ozone concentrations usually occur during the period of greatest sea ice extent over the WAP (i.e. September; Stammerjohn et al, 2008a), whereas biomass accumulation in the WAP starts later along with the receding of the ice edge (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change enhances primary production in the western Antarctic Peninsula

Moreau

Mostajir

Bélanger

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

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Intense regional warming was observed in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the last 50 years. Here, we investigate the impact of climate change on primary production (PP) in this highly productive region. This study is based on temporal data series of ozone thickness (1972-2010), sea ice concentration (1978-2010), sea-surface temperature (1990-2010), incident irradiance (1988-2010) and satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a, 1997-2010) for the coastal WAP. In addition, we apply a photosynthesis/photoinhibition spectral model to satellite-derived data (1997-2010) to compute PP and examine the separate impacts of environmental forcings. Since 1978, sea ice retreat has been occurring earlier in the season (in March in 1978 and in late October during the 2000s) while the ozone hole is present in early spring (i.e. August to November) since the early 1990s, increasing the intensity of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR, 280-320 nm). The WAP waters have also warmed over 1990-2010. The modelled PP rates are in the lower range of previously reported PP rates in the WAP. The annual open water PP in the study area increased from 1997 to 2010 (from 0.73 to 1.03 Tg C yr(-1) ) concomitantly with the increase in the production season length. The coincidence between the earlier sea ice retreat and the presence of the ozone hole increased the exposure to incoming radiation (UVBR, UVAR and PAR) and, thus, increased photoinhibition during austral spring (September to November) in the study area (from 0.014 to 0.025 Tg C yr(-1) ). This increase in photoinhibition was minor compared to the overall increase in PP, however. Climate change hence had an overall positive impact on PP in the WAP waters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change enhances primary production in the western Antarctic Peninsula

Moreau

Mostajir

Bélanger

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

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“…During the past two decades, there has been increasing concern over the possible biological effects of stratospheric ozone (O 3 ) reduction caused by inadvertent release of chlorofluorocarbons and other trace gases (Caldwell et al, 1989;Frederick and Lubin, 1994). Recent evidence indicates that there has been a significant increase in the level of biologically effective UV-B (UV-B BE ) radiation reaching the earth (Madronich, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of UV‐B radiation and putrescine on shoot and root growth of cucumber seedlings grown in nutrient solution

Krizek¹,

Kramer²,

Mirecki³

1997

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Poinsett cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were grown in growth chambers in nutrient solution containing 0 or 500 µM putrescine (Put) and were exposed to 0.2 or 15 kJ-m-2 day 1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation to determine the comparative sensitivity of shoots and roots to increased UV-B and the possible protective effect of polyamines. Shoot growth in UV-Btreated plants was reduced 48%, root growth 63%, total leaf area 38%, and specific leaf weight (SLW) 22%. This was in contrast to previous reports of increased SLW in cucumber plants grown in vermiculite or in a peatvermiculite mix. Putrescine treatment increased leaf area in the second and third leaf and total leaf area and Put also increased dry weight of shoots, but had no effect on dry weight of roots or on SLW. The Put treatment was ineffective in ameliorating UV-B induced leaf chlorosis. This is the first report of greater sensitivity of roots to UV-B radiation than of shoots in plants grown in solution culture. This could have significant consequences on marginal lands where root growth is already under limiting conditions. 613

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“…Depletion of ozone persists until February, leading to a 50 to 100% increase in UVB (280 to 320 nm) around the summer solstice (Frederick & Lubin 1994, Jones & Shanklin 1995. Thus, UVB radiation is enhanced throughout the period of greatest biological production in Antarctic waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of natural Antarctic marine microbial assemblages to ambient UV radiation: effects on the marine microbial community

Davidson¹,

Belbin²

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The effect of ambient solar UV radiation on natural protist (phytoplankton and protozoan) assemblages from Antarctic coastal waters was determined. Subsamples of the community were exposed to UV radiation attenuated to equivalent water column depths (ED) of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.6 and ≥ 20 m for periods of between 8 h and 1 wk. Total concentrations of phytoplankton in treatments exposed at 3.0 and 3.6 m ED were similar to those in control treatments. However, exposure of phytoplankton at ≤ 2.0 m ED for ≥1 d reduced overall cell size, concentration and biomass. Following UV exposure, some species of phytoplankton died, some flourished and others were unaffected. In contrast, the total concentrations of protozoans at ≤ 2.0 m ED for ≥1 d were commonly higher than in controls, and 2-to 3-fold higher than at 3.0 and 3.6 m ED. Significant negative correlation was observed between the total concentrations of phytoplankton and protozoa, showing that UV-induced mortality of phytoplankton resulted, directly or indirectly, in an increase in the concentrations of protozoans. Our results showed that UV radiation can change the biomass and species composition of marine microbial communities, altering size and availability of food for higher trophic levels and changing their trophic structure. Thus, increased UVB as a result of ozone depletion is likely to change food web structure and function and may influence biogeochemical cycles.

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Solar ultraviolet irradiance at Palmer Station, Antarctica

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Climate change enhances primary production in the western Antarctic Peninsula

Climate change enhances primary production in the western Antarctic Peninsula

Influence of UV‐B radiation and putrescine on shoot and root growth of cucumber seedlings grown in nutrient solution

Exposure of natural Antarctic marine microbial assemblages to ambient UV radiation: effects on the marine microbial community

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