Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and the Risk of Infectious Disease: Summary of a Workshop*†

Chapman, R.W.; Cooper, Kevin D.; Ec, De Fabo; Je, Frederick; Kn, Gelatt; Sp, Hammond; Hersey, Peter; Hs, Koren; Rd, Ley; Noonan, Frances P.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb03966.x

Cited by 65 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Recent studies have also implicated resident skin immune cells (e.g., langerhan cells, monocytes, macrophages) and keratinocytes in the process of UVB-induced immunosuppression [ 174 , 180 ]. While the effects of UVR on the host warrant further investigation, the observation that UVR can suppress immune responses to infectious microorganisms leads to the hypothesis that exposure to UVR can enhance susceptibility to microbial infections, particularly viruses, and/or worsen the state of infectious diseases [ 194 , 195 ]. Our data with MmuPV1 supports this hypothesis.…”

Section: Pathogenesis By Rodent Papillomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent Papillomaviruses

Uberoi

Lambert

2017

Viruses

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Preclinical infection model systems are extremely valuable tools to aid in our understanding of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) biology, disease progression, prevention, and treatments. In this context, rodent papillomaviruses and their respective infection models are useful tools but remain underutilized resources in the field of papillomavirus biology. Two rodent papillomaviruses, MnPV1, which infects the Mastomys species of multimammate rats, and MmuPV1, which infects laboratory mice, are currently the most studied rodent PVs. Both of these viruses cause malignancy in the skin and can provide attractive infection models to study the lesser understood cutaneous papillomaviruses that have been frequently associated with HPV-related skin cancers. Of these, MmuPV1 is the first reported rodent papillomavirus that can naturally infect the laboratory strain of mice. MmuPV1 is an attractive model virus to study papillomavirus pathogenesis because of the ubiquitous availability of lab mice and the fact that this mouse species is genetically modifiable. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge we have gained about PV biology from the study of rodent papillomaviruses and point out the remaining gaps that can provide new research opportunities.

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Section: Pathogenesis By Rodent Papillomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent Papillomaviruses

Uberoi

Lambert

2017

Viruses

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“…Ultraviolet radiation, in particular the mid-wave range (UVB, 290–320 nm), represents one of the most significant environmental factors affecting humans. Its hazardous effects on health include exacerbation of infectious diseases, skin cancer, and skin aging ( 1 – 3 ). These effects are partially mediated by the immunosuppressive properties of UV which are best demonstrated by the inhibition of cellular immune reactions, such as contact hypersensitivity (CHS) ( 4 , 5 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of UV radiation–induced immunosuppression by IL-12 is dependent on DNA repair

Schwarz¹,

Maeda²,

Kernebeck³

et al. 2005

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

180

168

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The immunostimulatory cytokine IL-12 is able to antagonize immunosuppression induced by solar/ultraviolet (UV) radiation via yet unknown mechanisms. IL-12 was recently found to induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair. UV-induced DNA damage is an important molecular trigger for UV-mediated immunosuppression. Thus, we initiated studies into immune restoration by IL-12 to discern whether its effects are linked to DNA repair. IL-12 prevented both UV-induced suppression of the induction of contact hypersensitivity and the depletion of Langerhans cells, the primary APC of the skin, in wild-type but not in DNA repair-deficient mice. IL-12 did not prevent the development of UV-induced regulatory T cells in DNA repair-deficient mice. In contrast, IL-12 was able to break established UV-induced tolerance and inhibited the activity of regulatory T cells independent of DNA repair. These data identify a new mechanism by which IL-12 can restore immune responses and also demonstrate a link between DNA repair and the prevention of UV-induced immunosuppression by IL-12.

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“…Since UV-R suppresses the immune system and previous research has shown in experimental models that UV-R can suppress the immune response to infectious microorganisms ( Chapman et al, 1995 ), one can speculate that exposure to UV-R could enhance susceptibility to microbial infections and/or it could worsen infectious diseases. However, clinical evidence of the increased infections after UV-R exposure remains very low, with a few exceptions.…”

Section: Uv-r and Immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Skin Microbiome: Is It Affected by UV-induced Immune Suppression?

2016

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Human skin apart from functioning as a physical barricade to stop the entry of pathogens, also hosts innumerable commensal organisms. The skin cells and the immune system constantly interact with microbes, to maintain cutaneous homeostasis, despite the challenges offered by various environmental factors. A major environmental factor affecting the skin is ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) from sunlight. UV-R is well known to modulate the immune system, which can be both beneficial and deleterious. By targeting the cells and molecules within skin, UV-R can trigger the production and release of antimicrobial peptides, affect the innate immune system and ultimately suppress the adaptive cellular immune response. This can contribute to skin carcinogenesis and the promotion of infectious agents such as herpes simplex virus and possibly others. On the other hand, a UV-established immunosuppressive environment may protect against the induction of immunologically mediated skin diseases including some of photodermatoses such as polymorphic light eruption. In this article, we share our perspective about the possibility that UV-induced immune suppression may alter the landscape of the skin’s microbiome and its components. Alternatively, or in concert with this, direct UV-induced DNA and membrane damage to the microbiome may result in pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that interfere with UV-induced immune suppression.

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Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and the Risk of Infectious Disease: Summary of a Workshop*†

Cited by 65 publications

References 173 publications

Rodent Papillomaviruses

Rodent Papillomaviruses

Prevention of UV radiation–induced immunosuppression by IL-12 is dependent on DNA repair

The Skin Microbiome: Is It Affected by UV-induced Immune Suppression?

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