Solar Variability and the Lower Atmosphere

Dickinson, Robert E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1975)056<1240:svatla>2.0.co;2

Cited by 237 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The change in aerosol properties, though only marginally detectable for this severe SEP event, is statistically robust. The authors speculate that the abnormally high ionization of the lower stratosphere in the polar regions during this SEP event may have led to the formation of new ultrafine aerosol particles (by ionmediated nucleation (Dickinson, 1975;Kirkby et al, 2011) and/or to the growth of pre-existing ultrafine particles.…”

Section: The Veretenenko Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While ion-mediated nucleation of condensation nuclei on cosmic-ray produced ions (Dickinson, 1975;Carslaw et al, 2002;Kirkby et al, 2011) has been postulated as a source for CCN and cloud microphysical changes related to Forbush decreases and 11-year cycles of GCRs, it cannot account for the Mansurov, Burns, Veretenenko or Wilcox effects. For these, there is no correlated change in cosmic ray flux and ion production in the lower troposphere, where the responses of cloud cover and vorticity are seen (there can be changes in ionization in the middle atmosphere that modulate J z ).…”

Section: Proposed Mechanisms For Tropospheric Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More speculative pathways involve ion-mediated nucleation of ultrafine particles (Dickinson, 1975;Kirkby et al, 2011) at altitudes and latitudes where CCN concentrations are low. In the presence of space charge at cloud boundaries, the ultrafine particles can grow with volatiles released from evaporating droplets at these boundaries.…”

Section: Pathways From Microphysical To Cloud-scale Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar wind-atmospheric electricity-cloud microphysics connections to weather and climate

Lam

Tinsley

2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ABSTRACT: We review recent research articles that present observations of the large-scale day-to-day dynamic tropospheric response to changes in the downward current density J z of the global atmospheric electric circuit (GEC). The evidence for the global circuit downward current density, J z , causing changes in atmospheric dynamics is now even stronger than as reviewed by Tinsley (Reports on Progress in Physics volume 71, 2008). We consider proposed mechanisms for these responses, and suggest future directions for research.

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Section: The Veretenenko Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Mechanisms For Tropospheric Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathways From Microphysical To Cloud-scale Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar wind-atmospheric electricity-cloud microphysics connections to weather and climate

Lam

Tinsley

2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…However, classical nucleation theory has not been completely successful at explaining atmospheric nucleation events (Weber et al, 1997;Clarke et al, 1998a;Weber et al, 1999;Weber et al, 2001a). Alternative pathways for sulfate aerosol formation have been suggested, including neutral ternary nucleation of water, sulfuric acid, and ammonia (Coffman and Hegg, 1995;Marti et al, 1997;Korhonen et al, 1999), and charged (ion-induced) nucleation of water and sulfuric acid (Dickinson, 1975;Raes andJanssens, 1985, 1993;Yu and Turco, 2000). Ions are likely aerosol precursors because they greatly stabilize small clusters with respect to evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays

et al. 2006

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Abstract. We investigate formation of sulfate aerosol in the marine troposphere from neutral and charged nucleation of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O. A box model of neutral and charged aerosol processes is run on a grid covering the oceans. Input data are taken from a model of galactic cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and from global chemistry and transport models. We find a weak aerosol production over the tropical oceans in the lower and middle troposphere, and a stronger production at higher latitudes, most notably downwind of industrial regions. The strongest aerosol production however occurs in the upper troposphere over areas with frequent convective activity, in particular in the tropics. This finding supports the proposition by which non-sea salt marine boundary layer aerosol in tropical regions does not form in situ, but nucleates in the upper troposphere from convectively lifted and cloud processed boundary layer air rich in aerosol precursor gases, from where it descends in subsiding air masses compensating convection. Convection of boundary layer air also appears to drive the formation of condensation nuclei in the tropical upper troposphere which maintains the stratospheric aerosol layer in the absence of volcanic activity. Neutral nucleation contributes only marginally to aerosol production in our simulations. This highlights the importance of other mechanisms, including charged binary and ternary, and neutral ternary nucleation for aerosol formation. Our analysis indicates that the variation of ionization by galactic cosmic rays over the decadal solar cycle does not entail a response in aerosol production and cloud cover via the second indirect aerosol effect that would explain observed variations in global cloud cover. We estimate that the variation in radiative forcing resulting from a response of clouds to the change in galactic cosmic ray ionization and subsequent aerosol production over the decadal solar cycle is smaller than the concurrent variation of total solar irradiance.

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“…After finding a good correlation between cloud cover changes and CR along 1983-1994 and adopting the mechanism proposed by Dickinson (1975), Svensmark and Friis-Christensen (1997) suggested a direct CR modulation of clouds on time scales of decades and longer. Air ions produced by CR may act as sites for the nucleation of condensation nuclei, in turn these nuclei may grow into cloud condensation nuclei, this step is enhanced by the particles being charged.…”

Section: Mechanisms Relating the Solar Wind Modulation Of Energetic Pmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Space Weather on Hurricane Activity

Mendoza¹

2011

Recent Hurricane Research - Climate, Dynamics, and Societal Impacts

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Solar Variability and the Lower Atmosphere

Cited by 237 publications

References 34 publications

Solar wind-atmospheric electricity-cloud microphysics connections to weather and climate

Solar wind-atmospheric electricity-cloud microphysics connections to weather and climate

Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays

The Effects of Space Weather on Hurricane Activity

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