Solar Water Heating and Design Processes

Garg, H.P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0659-9_5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Edge and bottom losses are almost negligible since the sides and bottom of the collector are well insulated 19 :…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the enhancement in the performance of a hybrid flat plate solar collector using water and air as working fluids

Kutafa,

Muhammed

2024

Heat Trans

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A hybrid flat solar collector was manufactured from basic materials to combine the effects of both water and air solar heaters. The reason is to increase the amount of heat delivered to water by doubling the heat sources, one from the direct beam of sun and the other from the hot air delivered by the air solar heater. In addition, the flow of water inside the solar heater is made in a thin layer so that much heat can be gained by water per unit time. The outlet hot air of the solar air heater enters air ducts that pass through the solar water heater. With a constant water flowrate of 0.0167 kg/s, three different air velocities (1.7, 2.1, and 2.4 m/s) were applied to determine the optimum air velocity that results in the maximum outlet water temperature and the maximum removal factor FR for the solar water heater. The experiment was run from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. every day during June 2023 and the data was recorded every 15 min. The data obtained from the experiment showed that the lowest air speed (1.7 m/s) results in the highest outlet water temperature (63°C) and heat removal factor FR (0.74).

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“…Edge and bottom losses are almost negligible since the sides and bottom of the collector are well insulated 19 :…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the enhancement in the performance of a hybrid flat plate solar collector using water and air as working fluids

Kutafa,

Muhammed

2024

Heat Trans

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“…(iii) Solution sufficiently transparent to solar radiation. (iv) Safe to handle and environmentally friendly salt [3]. The most commonly used salt is NaCl, because it strongly meets the previous criteria (Table 2).…”

Section: Salt Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal circumstances, this heated water would rise to the surface and release its heat to the surroundings. However, by increasing the salt concentration in the bottom layer, the water becomes denser, thus preventing convection and retaining 20 to 30% of the absorbed heat [3][4][5]. This results in a temperature gradient between the bottom and the surface, defining the unique characteristics of Salinity-Gradient Solar Ponds (SGSPs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conception of a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond in Beirut, Lebanon: Instrumentation, Control, Maintenance and Economic

Sleiman,

Van Vaerenbergh,

Hamieh

2022

PSEES

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Lebanon, currently engulfed in a severe economic crisis, grapples with substantial challenges in electricity provisioning due to systemic grid failures, foreign dependence, depleting resources, and the costly adoption of fossil fuels. These exigencies necessitate a shift towards innovative, renewable energy solutions, thereby positioning Salinity-Gradient Solar Ponds (SGSPs)artificial reservoirs harnessing and storing solar energy as a potentially effective response. This study proffers an instrumented engineering proposal advocating the implementation of SGSPs in Lebanon, detailing the operational management, control, and maintenance required for reliable heat production. By articulating the feasibility and benefits of SGSPs within the Lebanese context, the paper underscores their potential to alleviate existing energy constraints and foster a more sustainable, self-sufficient energy future for the nation.

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Solar Water Heating and Design Processes

Cited by 2 publications

References 69 publications

Study of the enhancement in the performance of a hybrid flat plate solar collector using water and air as working fluids

Study of the enhancement in the performance of a hybrid flat plate solar collector using water and air as working fluids

Conception of a Salinity-Gradient Solar Pond in Beirut, Lebanon: Instrumentation, Control, Maintenance and Economic

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