Solar wind H+ fluxes at 1 AU for solar cycles 23 and 24

Optical Thin Films in Space Environment: Investigation of Proton Irradiation Damage

“…Some of the space missions operate in extremely hostile environments, such as the ESA Solar Orbiter mission (SolO), which will suffer high thermal gradients as well as high particle fluxes because of the sun-close distance, and the ESA Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), which will experience the high activity of the Jovian magnetosphere and its synergy with the Jupiter satellites . The impact of the space environment on satellites and probes directly depends on solar activity, and it is, therefore, essential to acquire scientific knowledge both in the field of space weather and in the interaction between particles and components/systems. , Over the years, much attention has been given to electronic components, which are very sensitive to the presence of cosmic rays traveling throughout the whole heliosphere. However, the spacecraft components also need to be qualified for ions and electrons, as they are typically trapped in the magnetospheres.…”

“… 3 The impact of the space environment on satellites and probes directly depends on solar activity, and it is, therefore, essential to acquire scientific knowledge both in the field of space weather and in the interaction between particles and components/systems. 4 , 5 Over the years, much attention has been given to electronic components, which are very sensitive to the presence of cosmic rays traveling throughout the whole heliosphere. However, the spacecraft components also need to be qualified for ions and electrons, as they are typically trapped in the magnetospheres.…”