Solarium Use and Risk for Malignant Melanoma: Meta-analysis and Evidence-based Medicine Systematic Review

Burgard, Barbara; Schöpe, Jakob; Holzschuh, Isabel; Schiekofer, C; Reichrath, Sandra; Wagenpfeil, Stefan; Pilz, Stefan; Ordóñez‐Mena, José M.; März, Winfried; Vogt, Thomas; Reichrath, Jörg

doi:10.21873/anticanres.12339

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although there are several previous meta-analyses of the association between indoor tanning device use and skin cancer, the association was mostly based on population-based studies [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the study found that first exposure to sunbeds before the age of 35 years significantly increased the risk of melanoma, the IARC did not find significant evidence for the relation due to the limited number of studies. A recent meta-analysis, including large studies for melanoma published in 2018 [ 18 ] and for NMSC in 2012 [ 19 ], showed a significant association between indoor tanning and the risk of skin cancer. However, this association was mainly confirmed based on the case–control studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim

Moon

et al. 2021

Cancers

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The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18–1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14–2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48–2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15–2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22–1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31–1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kim

Moon

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have consistently established a statistically significant higher risk of cutaneous melanoma with the use of sunbeds (summarized in Table 2 ) [ 18 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Nevertheless, the quantification of the measure of the association of sunbed use with melanoma risk is hindered by limitations inherent to the design of individual studies.…”

Section: Sunbed Use and Risk Of Cutaneous Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dose-response relationship has been consistently shown between the amount of sunbed use and the risk of melanoma ( Table 2 ). A significantly higher risk of melanoma was associated with 10 or more annual times of sunbed use [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] and with high [ 18 ] or longest exposure [ 42 ]. The meta-analysis of Boniol et al (2012) reported a 1.8% increase in risk of melanoma for each additional session of indoor tanning per year [ 18 ].…”

Section: Sunbed Use and Risk Of Cutaneous Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Update on Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Skin Cancers

Dessinioti

Stratigos

2022

Current Oncology

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Indoor tanning (sunbeds, solarium) uses artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to stimulate cosmetic tanning of the skin. Indoor tanning has been officially classified as a human carcinogen in 2009 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (WHO). The differences in the prevalence of sunbed use across countries and over the years highlight underlying legislative, climatic, and cultural differences. Indoor tanning-seeking behaviors may be driven by motivations for an appealing appearance, largely influenced by gender and age, and several misconceptions that a prevacation tan safeguards the skin, that sunbeds can be used to treat acne or to increase vitamin D, or that tanning is a healthy habit. This review provides an epidemiological update on the prevalence of sunbed use, who tends to use sunbeds and why, and details the current evidence on the association of sunbeds with skin cancers, including cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Α statistically significant higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, BCC and cSCC with the use of sunbeds has been consistently demonstrated. This risk of skin cancer is even higher with the more frequent use of sunbeds, underscoring a dose–response relationship, and in those first exposed to sunbeds at a younger age. Preventive measures against sunbed use include legislation restricting sunbed use, educational campaigns to inform and discourage from indoor tanning, as well as using the internet, online advertising messages and the social media to reach larger audiences and to promote an untanned appearance.

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“…Some authors hypothesized that indoor tanning could act as a protective factor for melanoma risk, by preventing sunburns. Recently 2 publications expressed scepticism about the carcinogenicity of indoor tanning ( 50 , 51 ). Some authors have used the lack of randomized clinical trials (which would be unethical) to imply that the relationship between sunbed use and melanoma is not causal.…”

Section: Epidemiological Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Epidemiology and Sun Exposure

2020

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license. www.medicaljournals.se/acta Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100: adv00136 Centenary theme section: SKIN MALIGNANCIES SIGNIFICANCEYoung women present particularly high risky behaviours in terms of melanoma risk, such as tanning, related to social determined aesthetic needs. Indeed, the highest prevalence of sunbed use is found among female adolescents. Prevention recommendations include avoiding sunbed use, covering sun-exposed skin, wearing a hat and sunglasses. Sunscreen should not be used to prolong intentional sun exposure. Primary prevention should focus on young women, and secondary prevention in older men. In fact, at older ages, the incidence of melanoma among men is greater than among women, probably because men are less likely than women to examine their own skin or present to a dermatologist for skin examination.The worldwide incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly over the last 50 years. Melanoma is the most common cancer found in the young adult population, and its incidence is very high among geriatric populations. The incidence of melanoma varies by sex, and this factor is also associated with differences in the anatomical site melanoma. Adolescent and young adult women have a higher incidence than men. This may be, in part, due to the greater use of sunbeds, as well as intentional sun exposure among girls and, in general, risky behaviours in seeking to suntan, due to sociallydetermined aesthetic needs. Indeed, the World Health Organization declared that there is sufficient evidence to classify exposure to ultraviolet radiation (sunbed use and sun exposure) as carcinogenic to humans. Although pigmentation characteristics, such as skin colour, hair and eye colour, freckles and number of common and atypical naevi, do influence susceptibility to melanoma, recommendations regarding prevention should be directed to the entire population and should include avoiding sunbed, covering sun-exposed skin, wearing a hat and sunglasses. Sunscreen use should not be used to prolong intentional sun exposure. Primary prevention should be focused mainly on young adult women, while secondary prevention should be focused mainly on elderly men. In fact, after the age of 40 years, incidence rates reverse, and the incidence of melanoma among men is greater than among women. This is probably due to the fact that men are less likely than women to examine their own skin or present to a dermatologist for skin examination.

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Solarium Use and Risk for Malignant Melanoma: Meta-analysis and Evidence-based Medicine Systematic Review

Abstract: Current scientific knowledge is mainly based on observational studies with poor quality data, which report associations but do not prove causality. At present, there is no convincing evidence that moderate/responsible solarium use increases melanoma risk.

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Overall and Early-Onset Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

An Epidemiological Update on Indoor Tanning and the Risk of Skin Cancers

Melanoma Epidemiology and Sun Exposure

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