Solasodine, Isolated from Solanum sisymbriifolium Fruits, Has a Potent Anti-Tumor Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract

Background Increasing evidences have revealed that solasodine, isolated from Solanum sisymbriifolium fruits, has multiple functions such as anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and anti-infection. However, its role in pancreatic cancer has not been well studied. Methods To explore the role of solasodine in pancreatic cancer, human pancreatic cell lines including SW1990 and PANC1 were treated with different concentrations of solasodine for 48 h, and cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay. The effect of solasodine on the apoptosis of SW1990 and PANC1 cells was detected by flow cytometry. To further explore the antitumor effect of solasodine in vivo, an SW1990 tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed. The effects of solasodine on cytokines in the serum of SW1990 tumor-bearing mice were also evaluated by ELISA assay. Results Specifically, in vitro, solasodine could significantly inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and PANC1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that solasodine could induce apoptosis of SW1990 and PANC1 cells. Western blot assay indicated that solasodine could significantly inhibit the activation of Cox-2/Akt/GSK3β signal pathway. Meanwhile, the release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm which can raise the caspases cascade (C-caspase 3 and C-caspase 9) was significantly enhanced by solasodine. In vivo, the results showed that solasodine had potent anti-tumor activities with a lower cytotoxicity. In addition, the serum TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in SW1990 tumor-bearing mice after the treatment of solasodine was significantly increased. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggested that the solasodine could prevent the progression of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis, as well as stimulating immunity, suggesting that solasodine might be a potential therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.

Uplc-Hr-Esi-MS Analysis and Antiproliferative and Anti-Diabesity Screening of Flowers, Roots, and Aerial Parts of Solanum Elaeagnifolium Cav.

“…Besides, the identified flavonoid naringin has evidenced (in vitro, in silco, and in vivo) anti-diabetic effects [35,36]. As reported earlier, the alkaloid solasodine, isolated from the fruits of S. sisymbriifolium is an effective anti-cancer agent for the treatment of various cancers such as pancreatic cancer [37]. In the current study, solasodine and solamargine were detected in the hydroalcoholic extracts of roots, flowers, and aerial parts.…”

Active components of Solanum nigrum and their antitumor effects: a literature review

“…Solasodine achieved this by inhibiting the Cox-2/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells, leading to increased expression of cyt-C, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, solasodine stimulated the immune response, significantly elevating serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice in vivo ( 88 ).…”

Potentiation of Antibiotic Action and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Solasodine

“…Solasodine is a steroidal alkaloid, found in nature mainly in plants of the genus Solanum , being widely studied for its pharmacological applications in view of the presence of steroidal sapogenins that have pharmaceutical and industrial importance [ 11 , 13 , 14 ]. Thus, the interest in promoting this work is due to the activities already described in previous studies, in which solasodine demonstrates anticonvulsant [ 15 ], anti-inflammatory [ 16 ], antioxidant [ 17 ], antiviral [ 18 ], antifungal [ 19 , 20 ], anticancer [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and antibacterial activity [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”