Soleus Muscle Herniation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Correlation in a Female Long‐Distance Runner: A Case Report

Cormier, David J.; Gellhorn, Alfred; Singh, Jaspal

doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.10.021

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A summary of the types of manuscripts included in this review is shown in Table 3. Noncomparative studies including opinion pieces/narrative reviews accounted for 45.4% of the included manuscripts [4, 6, 33–84], case reports (22%) [7, 85–109], and case series studies (17%) [110–129]. Five percent of the included manuscripts were systematic reviews [5, 130–134].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a diagnostic framework for patients presenting with Exercise Induced Leg Pain (EILP): a scoping review

Bosnina,

Padhiar,

Miller

et al. 2023

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundNumerous conditions are grouped under the generic term exercise-induced leg pain (EILP), yet clear diagnostic guidelines are lacking. This scoping review was conducted to clarify the definition and diagnostic criteria of nine commonly occurring EILP conditions.MethodsThree online databases were searched from inception to April 2022 for any English language original manuscripts identifying, describing, or assessing the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria of the nine most common conditions that cause EILP. We included manuscripts considering all adults with any reported diagnostic criteria for EILP in any setting. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal tool. Condition definitions were identified and categorised during data charting. Twenty-five potential elements of the history, 24 symptoms, 41 physical signs, 21 investigative tools, and 26 overarching diagnostic criteria, were identified and coded as counts of recommendation per condition, alongside qualitative analysis of the clinical reasoning. Condition definitions were constructed with 11 standardised elements based on recent consensus exercises for other conditions.ResultsOne hundred nineteen retained manuscripts, of which 18 studied multiple conditions, had a median quality of 2/5. A combination of the history, pain location, symptoms, physical findings, and investigative modalities were fundamental to identify each sub-diagnosis alongside excluding differentials. The details differed markedly for each sub-diagnosis. Fifty-nine manuscripts included data on chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) revealing exertional pain (83% history), dull aching pain (76% symptoms), absence of physical signs (78% physical findings) and elevated intercompartment pressure (93% investigative modality). Twenty-one manuscripts included data on medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), revealing persistent pain upon discontinuation of activity (81% history), diffuse medial tibial pain (100% pain location), dull ache (86% symptoms), diffuse tenderness (95% physical findings) and MRI for exclusion of differentials (62% investigative modality). Similar analyses were performed for stress fractures (SF,n = 31), popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES,n = 22), superficial peroneal nerve entrapment syndrome (SPNES,n = 15), lumbar radiculopathy (n = 7), accessory/low-lying soleus muscle syndrome (ALLSMS,n = 5), myofascial tears (n = 3), and McArdle’s syndrome (n = 2).ConclusionInitial diagnostic frameworks and definitions have been developed for each condition of the nine most common conditions that cause EILP, suitable for clinical consideration and consensus confirmation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a diagnostic framework for patients presenting with Exercise Induced Leg Pain (EILP): a scoping review

Bosnina,

Padhiar,

Miller

et al. 2023

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…The weighted average age of presentation was at 28.8 years of age (SD, 3.4 years; 95% CI, 21.5 to 36.1 years). 11 out of 17 studies reported patients with history of manual labour or engagement in sporting activities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. 3.5% (n = 2) of the total study population were military service members [8,9].…”

Section: Patient Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Leg Muscle Hernia: A Systematic Review

2023

Ann Case Report

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Background:The review aims to review the published literature on lower leg muscle hernias.Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies that reported on lower leg muscle herniation were included.Results: Lower leg muscle herniation occurs in predominantly males at an average age of 28.8 years (SD, 3.4 years). Most patients reported history of manual labour or sporting activities. The anterior compartment is predominantly affected (78.9%), followed by the lateral compartment (10.5%) and the superficial posterior compartment (10.5%). Tibialis anterior muscle herniation was predominantly found in younger patients (< 35 years old), as compared to older patients (>35 years old) who experienced herniation of varying muscles (e.g. soleus, peroneus, gastrocnemius). Fascial weakening at the point of muscle herniation was detected in 36.8% of included patients. Surgical management was performed in 78.9% of the patients, with the predominant surgery performed being fasciotomy, though recent reports also reported good outcomes with surgical repair in the presence of fascial defects in the lower limb without evidence of compartment syndrome. Resolution of symptoms (pain, muscle protuberance) and return to pre-herniation level of physical activities was reported in all studies.Conclusions: Lower leg muscle herniation predominantly affects males in the third decade of life who are involved in manual labour or sporting activities. These predominantly affect the anterior compartment, with tibialis anterior being the predominant muscle involved in younger patients. Surgical management of both fasciotomy and surgical repair has led to good outcomes.

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“…Herniations have also been described in the peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, extensor digitorum longus, and lateral head gastrocnemius muscles. [36][37][38] A recently published report documented soleus muscle herniation in a long-distance runner. 38 Prolonged standing and intense physical activity may predispose to muscle herniation, and this condition has been documented in athletes and military recruits.…”

Section: Muscle Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36][37][38] A recently published report documented soleus muscle herniation in a long-distance runner. 38 Prolonged standing and intense physical activity may predispose to muscle herniation, and this condition has been documented in athletes and military recruits. 39,40 Muscle herniation may be suggested on clinical examination or diagnosed utilizing MRI or US.…”

Section: Muscle Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musculotendinous Disorders in the Lower Leg

Newman

2017

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol

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Musculotendinous injury in the lower leg is associated with a variety of athletic activities. Myotendinous strain is typically localized to the posterior calf muscles, with involvement of the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle most common. Nontraumatic soft tissue injuries of the lower leg, including muscle herniation, are less frequently imaged. Ruptured popliteal cysts and deep vein thrombosis are important differential considerations in the patient presenting with acute calf pain and swelling.

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Soleus Muscle Herniation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Correlation in a Female Long‐Distance Runner: A Case Report

Abstract: Not applicable.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Developing a diagnostic framework for patients presenting with Exercise Induced Leg Pain (EILP): a scoping review

Developing a diagnostic framework for patients presenting with Exercise Induced Leg Pain (EILP): a scoping review

Lower Leg Muscle Hernia: A Systematic Review

Musculotendinous Disorders in the Lower Leg

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