Soliciting strain: examining both sides of street prostitution through General Strain Theory

Male Sexual Victimization: Examining Variation in the Probability of Weapon Use and Victim Injury

“…These themes are congruent with externalization of negative emotion through victimization of others described in the GST literature (Agnew et al, 2002;Broidy & Agnew, 1999;Bucher et al, 2015), as well as Agnew's (1999) contentions concerning the relations between structural characteristics, subcultures of violence, and offending. Despite the apparent utility of GST as a lens through which to examine male sexual victimization, however, previous studies of the subject have been largely atheoretical (e.g., Du Mont et al, 2013).…”

“…Broidy and Agnew (1997) suggested that gender disparities in the frequency and form of crime exist because men and women differ in the types of strain they experience and how they respond emotionally. While women frequently internalize their emotional responses to strain (Agnew, Brezina, Wright, & Cullen, 2002;Cauffman, Lexcen, Goldweber, Shulman, & Grisso, 2007;Froggio, 2007;Piquero, Fox, Piquero, Capowich, & Mazerolle, 2010;Piquero & Sealock, 2004) and engage in self-directed deviance, males tend to externalize their anger and frustration through the victimization of others (Agnew et al, 2002;Broidy & Agnew, 1997;Bucher, Manasse, & Milton, 2015;Jang, 2007). More recent examination by Dolliver and Rocker (2018) indicates that gender identity, rather than biological sex, is more likely to predict hypothesized negative reactions to strain.…”

“…Similarly, while male gender of the offender may maintain a direct positive association with the likelihood of victim injury, this effect is likely exacerbated in communities maintaining strain-inducing characteristics, particularly higher levels disadvantage and violence. This assertion is grounded in Agnew's (1999) description of violent interactions within communities that increasingly select and retain strained individuals, as well as documented gender-based disparities in the use of violence (e.g., Broidy & Agnew, 1997;Bucher et al, 2015) and the increased premium placed on hegemonic masculinity among males in strained communities (e.g., Anderson, 1999).…”

“…As noted by Broidy and Agnew (1997), males differ from females in terms of the strain they experience and the manner in which they respond to it. Subsequent studies have highlighted the extent to which males respond to strain with anger and victimization of others (Agnew et al, 2002;Bucher et al, 2015;Jang, 2007). Thus, males may be more likely to injure their victims as a matter of domination and asserting their own masculinity (e.g., Abdullah-Khan, 2008;Groth, 1979;Groth & Burgess, 1980).…”

Scared or Attached? Unraveling Important Links in Strain–Crime Relationships Among School Students

“…Various single and aggregate measures of strain, including physical and emotional punishment (S. W. Baron, 2004; Moon et al, 2009; Sealock & Manasse, 2012), financial hardship (Bucher, Manasse, & Milton, 2015), job- and health-related stressors (Jang & Johnson, 2005), negative relationships with others (Bao, Haas, & Pi, 2007), and victimization (Jang & Rhodes, 2012) have been shown to predict a number of delinquent acts (e.g., Rebellon et al, 2012) and other offenses such as violence and property crime (e.g., Botchkovar & Broidy, 2013).…”