Solid Acid Catalysts: New Routes to Food Additives and Antibacterials

Abstract

Mixture of mono‐ and di‐glycerides can be obtained in the presence of solid acid catalysts starting from fatty acids and even in one single step starting from a residue of the edible oil industry, namely a mixture of free fatty acids and triglycerides. This is due to the Lewis acidity of amorphous solid catalysts promoting both the esterification of fatty acids and the transesterification of triglycerides. Selectivity to monoglycerides can be very high particularly in the case of butyric acid ones, useful as antibacterial and antiviral agents.

Electrostatic Catalysis Induced by Luciferases in the Decomposition of the Firefly Dioxetanone and Its Analogue

“…The oxidized structure of LH 2 , OxyLH 2 , has a keto and enol form, − and the firefly dioxetanone can take the anionic form denoted by DO , which carries one negative electric charge (Figures d and ), or the neutral form denoted by neutral DO (Figure g,h). , We first investigate DO with the thiazoline and benzothiazole ring linked by the C2–C2′ bond (Figure ), then we compare it with the neutral DO . The oxidized BoLH 2 or BtLH 2 is obtained by replacing the benzothiazole ring by benzoxazole (OxyBoLH 2 ) or benzothiophene (OxyBtLH 2 ), , and their high-energy intermediates BoDO and BtDO are built from their corresponding anionic form.…”

Environmentally Benign Approach for the Synthesis of Azo Dyes in the Presence of Mesoporous Sulfated Core‐Shell Zirconia‐Copper(I) Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst

“…In this path, solid acid catalysts find very extensive applications in chemical and refinery industries. There are constant efforts by the synthetic chemists to replace hazardous, polluting inorganic acid catalysts by solid acid catalysts . A number of organic transformations have been performed using solid acid catalysts, for better selectivity and yields than conventional catalysis .…”