2000
DOI: 10.1351/pac200072071313
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Solid acids and their use as environmentally friendly catalysts in organic synthesis

Abstract: Tightening environmental legislation is driving the fine and speciality chemicals industries to consider alternative processes that avoid the use of conventional mineral acids. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in these processes would vastly simplify catalyst removal, minimizing the amount of waste formed. However, diffusion limitation of liquids within porous solids dictates that effective solid acids for liquid-phase reactions require the use of mesoporous materials <20-100Å. Recent developments in materia… Show more

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Cited by 280 publications
(141 citation statements)
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“…Using 10 mol % of IL gave the [PS-IM(CH 2 ) 4 SO 3 H][HSO 4 ] in very well physical form as white powder. The weightaverage molecular weight (M w ) and number-average molecular weight (M n ) were determined by GPC analysis (Figure 2 4 ] in EtOH at reflux temperature (entry 4). Greater amounts of the catalyst were found to have an inhibitory effect on the formation of the product (entries 5,6).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Using 10 mol % of IL gave the [PS-IM(CH 2 ) 4 SO 3 H][HSO 4 ] in very well physical form as white powder. The weightaverage molecular weight (M w ) and number-average molecular weight (M n ) were determined by GPC analysis (Figure 2 4 ] in EtOH at reflux temperature (entry 4). Greater amounts of the catalyst were found to have an inhibitory effect on the formation of the product (entries 5,6).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4][5] The major problem associated with most homogenous catalyst systems is the separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture and the recycling of the catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction products and reused in successive runs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unfortunately, performing heterogeneous catalytic reactions on solid macromolecules at low temperatures can be challenging due to diffusion limitations, steric hindrance, and poor access of the reactant molecules to catalytic sites, particularly in nano-porous materials (Wilson andClark 2000, Thomas 1999).…”
Section: Suggested Process Improvementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3] A general trend in catalysis is to transform a successful homogeneous catalyst into a heterogeneous catalytic system. The use of heterogeneous solid catalysts being in a different phase than the reagents and products has an obvious advantage in terms of easy separation from the reaction mixture, allowing the recovery of the solid and eventually its reuse.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%