Solid breeder blanket design and tritium breeding

Proust, Eric; Anzidei, L.; Donne, M. Dalle; Fischer, U.; Kuroda, T.

doi:10.1016/0920-3796(91)90184-r

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…12 γ-LiAlO 2 , along with Li 2 O, Li 4 SiO 4 , and Li 2 ZrO 3 , is attractive as a solid breeder material for tritium because of good thermophysical and chemical stabilities at elevated temperatures in addition to good tritium release characteristics. 13,14 However, the phase stability can be compromised under neutron irradiation. In addition, defects and structural disorder may enhance the diffusion of Li within energy storage materials and breeders.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Amorphization of Lithium Aluminate from Atomistic Simulation

Senor

Devanathan

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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We simulated amorphization of lithium aluminate by atomic displacement using molecular dynamics to understand the effect of defects on fast lithium ion transport in disordered ceramics. We analyzed the evolution of the AlO4, LiO4, and OLi2Al2 tetrahedral clusters as a function of damage dose calculated in displacements per atom (dpa). The amorphization was associated with the loss of long-range ordering in the network of AlO4 tetrahedra, even though each AlO4 cluster remained tetrahedrally coordinated. The crystalline–amorphous transition occurred gradually within a dose range from 0.1 to 0.2 dpa. The structural damage also induced chemical composition separation, resulting in (Al + O)-rich and Li-rich regions. As a result of the disorder, the Li diffusion coefficient was found to increase to the order of 10–6 cm2/s.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Amorphization of Lithium Aluminate from Atomistic Simulation

Senor

Devanathan

2017

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Considering that breeding ceramic need to achieve high-density accumulation in blanket, and the debris formed by cracking during long-term service may block the equipment pipeline, posing a serious safety hazard. Therefore, the design requirements of the tritium breeding material need its crushing load ≥20 N [37,38]. Moreover, the research on the crushing load evolution of tritium breeding material with core-shell structure during long-term heating is still blank.…”

Section: (B) and (D))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 Core-shell Breeding Ceramic Under Harsh Operating Conditions

Chen

Katayama

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The development of novel tritium breeding materials was urgently needed in order to continuously optimize the tritium breeding ratio (TBR) of thermonuclear fusion reactors. From this point of view, Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 core-shell breeding materials with more reasonable structure and theoretical Li density of 0.464 g/cm3 were prepared in this work. Notably, the mass transfer experiment at 900 °C in 1% H2/Ar shows that the theoretical Li density of this core-shell material after heating for 30 days was significantly higher than that of other breeding materials, indicating that it can provide more stable and efficient TBR. Specifically, the Li mass loss of the sample after 30 days heating was 3.4%, resulting in a decrease of Li density to 0.415 g/cm3. The mechanism of Li mass loss in Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 core-shell breeding materials was investigated in detail. Moreover, the samples did not crack or collapse during the long-term heating process, and always maintained a satisfactory crushing load, revealing that this core-shell breeding ceramic can be used for a long time under severe operating conditions.

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“…Lithium based ceramics such as Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 etc. are promising candidates for the breeder materials to be used in the breeding blankets [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Neutron interactions with these ceramic breeders not only generate tritium but also produce energetic Primary Knock on Atoms (PKAs), which trigger collision cascades in the material.…”

Section: D-t Plasma Based Fusion Reactors Need Tritium As a Fuel To Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-model quantification of defects in irradiated lithium titanate

Danani

Swami

Chaudhuri

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Lithium based ceramics (Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 etc.) in the packed pebble form, used in breeder blankets to breed tritium, are promising candidates for future fusion reactors. Neutron induced trap sites in the ceramic breeder affect the diffusion and inventory of tritium and thereby influence the quantity of tritium recovered. In the present work, a multi model framework has been employed to quantify the number of defects, which can be used to evaluate trap-sites, due to neutron irradiation in porous Li 2 TiO 3 pebbles. This framework is based on a three stage calculation viz. (i) radiation transport, (ii) obtaining the primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy spectrum and (iii) quantifying the ensuing damage by collision cascade simulations. The output of one stage is coupled to the next stage and finally the defect distribution is obtained. We use radiation transport calculations to obtain the neutron spectrum in ceramic pebbles. This is used as an input to SPECTER, a code that uses evaluated cross-sections, to obtain the Primary Knock-on Atom (PKA) energy spectrum. The PKA energy spectrum is then used to find the number and distribution of vacancies and displacements in porous Li 2 TiO 3 pebbles using binary collision approximation (BCA) based Monte Carlo simulations. The vacancy distribution and the number of vacancies in Li 2 TiO 3 have been evaluated for the ITER neutron source using the above frame work. The PKA energy spectrum of Li, Ti and O PKAs, have been obtained using SPECTER, and their average energies are 680, 120 and 320 keV respectively. The collision cascade simulations shows the expected Bragg peak for the number of defects created and has a range of 6-8 microns for O and Li PKA respectively and a fraction of a micron for Ti PKA. The total number of displaced atoms which is equal to the number of vacancies, at the end of the collision cascades, obtained using the above framework has also been used to estimate the displacements per atom (dpa) in Li 2 TiO 3 and this shows a good agreement with the dpa calculated using the NRT model.

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Solid breeder blanket design and tritium breeding

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Insights on Amorphization of Lithium Aluminate from Atomistic Simulation

Insights on Amorphization of Lithium Aluminate from Atomistic Simulation

Mass Transfer Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Li4TiO4-Li2TiO3 Core-shell Breeding Ceramic Under Harsh Operating Conditions

Multi-model quantification of defects in irradiated lithium titanate

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