Solid immersion lens-enhanced nano-photoluminescence: Principle and applications

Moehl, S.; Zhao, Hui; Don, B. Dal; Wachter, S.; Kalt, H.

doi:10.1063/1.1567035

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The sample is mounted on the cold finger of a helium flux cryostat keeping the QDs at about 5K for all the experiments described here. A microscope objective (numerical aperture of 0.4) and a high refractive index (n = 2.16) hemispherical solid immersion lens (SIL) [14] are used to collect the single dot emission efficiently. The 488nm (2.541eV) line of a cw argon laser is sent through the same optics for the excitation.…”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated photon emission from a single II–VI quantum dot

Couteau

Moehl

Tinjod

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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We report correlation and cross-correlation measurements of photons emitted under continuous wave excitation by a single II-VI quantum dot (QD) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. A standard technique of microphotoluminescence combined with an ultrafast photon correlation set-up allowed us to see an antibunching effect on photons emitted by excitons recombining in a single CdTe/ZnTe QD, as well as cross-correlation within the biexciton (X2)-exciton (X) radiative cascade from the same dot. Fast microchannel plate photomultipliers and a time-correlated single photon module gave us an overall temporal resolution of 140 ps better than the typical exciton lifetime in II-VI QDs of about 250ps. PACS numbers:The generation of triggered single photons has brought a lot of interest in the last few years owing to its application in quantum cryptography [1,2] and its possible use for quantum computation [3]. Recent experiments have shown that self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) are potentially a good candidate for the production of triggered single photons [2,4,5,6]. In order to implement Knill et al.'s proposal [3], one of the very stringent requirement is to produce indistinguishable single photons to enable multi-photon interference effects [7]. The possibility of creating on demand a single polarization entangled photon pair directly from a SAQD has also been proposed [8]. In this case, the production of the entangled pair of photons comes from the recombination of two excitons within the same QD [9]. Polarization correlation measurements of the biexcitonic (X 2 ) cascade to the ground state via the exciton (X 1 ) state have been reported recently in III-V [10] and II-VI [11] compounds. However, no entanglement has been seen so far in the X 2 cascade.Most of the results on single photon sources using SAQDs have been obtained with III-V semiconductors. Only a few recent papers [6,11,12] present photon correlation measurements on II-VI SAQDs, all with CdSe/ZnSe. The family of II-VI materials exhibits interesting features for quantum information applications. The lifetime (of the order of 200 ps) is smaller than in III-V SAQDs. It is an advantage for the production of indistinguishable single photons since this means that the emission of a photon takes less time and should then be less sensitive to dephasing. This short lifetime could also allow higher repetition rate (in the GHz range).In this letter, we report the observation of antibunching of the excitonic line of CdTe/ZnTe SAQD, and the biexciton-exciton cross-correlation under continuous wave (cw) excitation. The short lifetimes in II-VI semiconductors have made it necessary to set-up an ultrafast photon correlation experiment using rapid microchannel plate photomultipliers.The investigated sample consists of a CdTe SAQD layer (with dot density of about 3 10 10 cm −2 ) embedded in ZnTe barriers. A detailed description of the sample growth can be found in [13]. Single dot spectroscopy is obtained by exciting the sample through submicron apertures (with sizes down to 0.2µ...

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Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated photon emission from a single II–VI quantum dot

Couteau

Moehl

Tinjod

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Our experimental setup is a far-field nano-PL system based on a confocal microscope [3]. Introducing additionally a solid immersion lens, which is adhesively attached to the sample surface, we achieve a spot size of the exciting laser of 200 nm HWHM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On first sight scanning nearfield optical microscopy (SNOM) appears to be the method of choice [1,2]. But, since SNOM requires rather elaborate experimental facilities, confocal microscopy enhanced by the introduction of solid immersion lenses (SILs) turned out to be a most efficient and easy to handle alternative [3,4]. The latter method can have a spatial resolution down to 200 nm in terms of the half-width at halfmaximum (HWHM) of the focused laser spot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quasi-ballistic transport of excitons in quantum wells

Kalt

Zhao

Don

et al. 2005

Journal of Luminescence

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“…In recent years SIL-based microscopy has been used to investigate the optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells [2] and quantum dots [3][4][5]. It has been shown that the numerical aperture of 2 can be achieved when the refraction index of the SIL is very high (GaP 3.5) and closely matches that of the studied sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the numerical aperture of 2 can be achieved when the refraction index of the SIL is very high (GaP 3.5) and closely matches that of the studied sample. One of the critical issues related to this technique concerns the presence of the air gap between the surface of the SIL and the epitaxially grown sample [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIL-based confocal fluorescence microscope for investigating individual nanostructures

et al. 2011

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Abstract:We developed a fluorescence confocal microscope equipped with a hemispherical solid immersion lens (SIL) and apply it to study the optical properties of light-harvesting complexes. We demonstrate that the collection efficiency of the SIL-equipped microscope is significantly improved, as is the spatial resolution, which reaches 600 nm. This experimental setup is suitable for detailed studies of physical phenomena in hybrid nanostructures. In particular, we compare the results of fluorescence intensity measurements for a light-harvesting peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) complex with and without the SIL.

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Solid immersion lens-enhanced nano-photoluminescence: Principle and applications

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Correlated photon emission from a single II–VI quantum dot

Correlated photon emission from a single II–VI quantum dot

Quasi-ballistic transport of excitons in quantum wells

SIL-based confocal fluorescence microscope for investigating individual nanostructures

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