Solid−Liquid Equilibrium Thermodynamics:  Checking Stability in Multiphase Systems Using the Gibbs Energy Function

Abstract

A new procedure has been suggested and applied to the simultaneous correlation of the experimental data corresponding to all equilibrium regions in ternary systems involving a solid compound. The analysis of the form of the Gibbs energy function permits the validity of the parameters calculated with any particular model to be verified and can be used as a consistence criterion.

Measurements and Correlations of the Solid–Liquid Equilibrium of RbCl/CsCl + [Cnmim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6, 8) + H2O Ternary Systems at T = (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K

“…The NRTL model was satisfactorily used to correlate the liquid–liquid equilibrium system containing ionic liquids. − For ternary systems, the application of the NRTL model for the ternary system was found to be successful in the published paper in this area. Marcilla and co-worker had correlated the experimental data for H 2 O + alcohol (ethanol, butanol, and pentanol) + NaCl, H 2 O + acetone + NaCl using the NRTL equation and the Gibbs energy of mixing function ( g M = (Δ mix G )/ RT ). Therefore, in this work the NRTL model was used to correlate the experimental data for RbCl/CsCl + [C n mim]Cl ( n = 2, 4, 6, 8) + H 2 O systems.…”

“…Therefore, in this work the NRTL model was used to correlate the experimental data for RbCl/CsCl + [C n mim]Cl ( n = 2, 4, 6, 8) + H 2 O systems. For the liquid–solid equilibrium data of mixture, the NRTL model with mole fractions for the Gibbs energy was written as G normalM R T = G solid normalM R T + G liquid normalM R T = s μ normalS R T + ( 1 − s ) ∑ i = 1 c x i L μ i normalL R T = s [ − true( normalΔ h normalf R T normalf − normalΔ C normalp R true) true( T normalf T − 1 true) − Δ C p R ln true( T normalf T true) ] + …”

“…and co-worker had correlated the experimental data for H 2 O + alcohol (ethanol, butanol, and pentanol) + NaCl,29 H 2 O + acetone + NaCl 30 using the NRTL equation and the Gibbs energy of mixing function (g M = (Δ mix G)/RT). Therefore, in this work the NRTL model was used to correlate the experimental data for RbCl/CsCl + [C n mim]Cl (n = 2, 4, 6, 8) + H 2 O systems.…”

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems of 2-Pentanone/Mesityl Oxide + Catechol + Water at 298.2, 318.2, and 333.2 K

“…The consistency between the experimental LLE tie-lines and the calculated G M / RT surface obtained with the binary interaction parameters should be validated according to the Gibbs minor common tangent equilibrium criteria. − The Gibbs energy curve of the mixture ( G M ) is not intercepted by the tangent line at the equilibrium points for a binary system, respectively. In other words, the Gibbs tangent plane distance function ( F ( x ) = G M ( x ) – L ( x )) must be non-negative for any acceptable value of composition ( x ) in this system.…”

The thermodynamic properties of solutions and phase equilibria in the water-2-butanol-sodium chloride system

“…Data on liquid-vapor and liquid-liquid equilibria in water-sodium chloride-alcohol ternary systems (where alcohol is methanol, ethanol, and 1(2) pro panol) are broadly presented in the literature. A large number of publications are concerned with experi mental studies and thermodynamic simulation of equilibria in three component systems with 1 C 4 H 9 OH [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”