Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis(phosphoramidic acid) Tetraphenyl Ester in Selected Solvents

Du, Chao-Jun; Wang, Lisheng; Yu, Gui; Sun, Gui-Qin

doi:10.1021/ie401349f

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is also noteworthy that the LOI values increase with an increase in the phosphorus contents of the resins. Moreover, the UL 94-V test was also applied to probe the flame retardancy of the P-N-containing EPs and to rank it into an industrial expression (Du et al , 2013). The LOI and vertical burning test (UL-94) were conducted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterisation of the halogen-free flame retardant and mechanical performance of the retardant epoxies resin

Liang

Wang

et al. 2017

PRT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a novel halogen-free intumescent flame retardant (IFR) BHPPODC (benzene hydroquinone phosphorous oxy dichloride cyanuric chloride) for application to epoxy resin (EP) and study their mechanical and flame-retardant performance. Design/methodology/approach The IFR was synthesised by phenylphosphonic dichloride, hydroquinone and cyanuric chloride via solvent reaction, and the structure was fully characterised by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability, mechanical and flame properties and morphology of the char layer of the flame-retardant EP was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile and Charpy impact tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings Results of the LOI indicated that the halogen-free flame retardant as an additive exhibits very good flame-retardant effects. The results showed that the addition of IFR improved the flame resistance properties of epoxies resin composites, and the residual char ratio at 800°C significantly increased. Research limitations/implications The IFR can be prepared successfully and can improve the flame-retardant performance. Practical implications This contribution can provide a high flame retardant performance and has minimal impact on the mechanical performance of the BHPPODC/EP composition. Originality/value This study showed that flame-retardant BHPPODC has an effective flame effect under optimal conditions. When the 12 Wt.% IFR was added to the EP, the LOI was 29.1 and the UL-94 rank can reach V-0 rank, the tensile strength was 83.86 MPa and the impact strength was 8.82 kJ/m2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterisation of the halogen-free flame retardant and mechanical performance of the retardant epoxies resin

Liang

Wang

et al. 2017

PRT

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“…The solubilities of PBNGP were determined by a gravimetric method. , For each measurement, an excess of PBNGP was added into a given solvent. Then the equilibrium cell was kept at a constant temperature with continuous stirring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 One new group, OOP(O), was introduced, and its value was obtained from the literature. 20 To describe the relation of activity coefficient and temperature better, the binary interaction parameters of the Wilson model (g 12 − g 11 and g 21 − g 22 ), the NRTL model (λ 21 − λ 11 and λ 12 − λ 22 ), and the UNIQUAC model (u 21 − u 11 and u 12 − u 22 ) are assumed to have a linear dependency on temperature: (22) where k refers to the binary interaction parameter mentioned above; and α and β are the parameters to fit the solubility data, which can be obtained by correlating the solubility data, while minimizing the following objective function:…”

Section: Journal Of Chemical and Engineering Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of N,N′-Piperazinebis(neopentylglycol)phosphoramidate in Selected Solvents from T = (293.15 to 333.15) K

et al. 2017

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A phosphorus flame retardant named N,N′-piperazinebis-(neopentylglycol)phosphoramidate (PBNGP) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Its thermal properties were evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The solubilities of PBNGP in selected solvents at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K and atmospheric pressure were measured via a static-analytic method. The experimental data were correlated with Scatchard−Hildebrand, Buchowski-Ksiazczak, Wilson, nonrandom two liquid, and universal quasichemical equations. The calculated results showed that all of these models can reproduce the experimental data well, and the Wilson model gives the best correlation, with an overall relative standard deviation of 0.70%. The solubility parameter of PBNGP was calculated using the Scatchard−Hildebrand methodology.

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“…The experimental apparatus used to measure the solubility was similar to that previously reported. 19 Figure 2 presents the setup. A jacketed equilibrium cell was used to measure the solubility.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Phosphoramidic acid, N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbis-P,P,P′,P′-tetraphenyl Ester in Selected Solvents

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2015

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Phosphoramidic acid, N,N′-1,2-ethanediylbis-P,P,P′,P′-tetraphenyl ester (PAETE) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis (EA), mass spectra (MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermostability of PAETE was measured via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The melting temperature and the fusion enthalpy of PAETE were evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The solubilities of PAETE in ten selected solvents were obtained using a gravimetric method. The experimental data were well correlated by the Buchowski−Ksiazczak (λh), Scatchard−Hildebrand, modified Apelblat model, and the ideal equations. The solubility parameter of PAETE was estimated by the Scatchard−Hildebrand Model. The dissolution enthalpy and entropy of PAETE in the ten selected solvents were also calculated by the modified Apelblat model. ■. INTRODUCTIONThe high-level living standard would not be possible without the development of polymeric materials that have appeared since World War II. 1 Nowadays, polymers have been widely used in various fields, such as aerospace, mechanics, and chemistry, due to the good heat endurance and mechanical performance, small chemical corrosion resistance, and so on. 2 Unfortunately, almost all of the polymers are easily to burn, which limits their applications in electronics, transportation, cabling, construction, and so on. Flame retardancy is mandatorily required in the fields mentioned above. 3 To decrease the fire hazards and expand the range of the applications for the polymer materials, it is urgent to develop the flame retardant polymer materials. It is well know that adding the flame retardant additives into the polymer materials is an effective method to enhance the flame retardancy. Recently, some reports indicate that the flame retardant efficiency can be greatly enhanced while nitrogen and phosphorus elements are present together in the polymer systems. The synergism of phosphorus and nitrogen elements has been recognized in many research works. 4−7 Now, it is predicted that the phosphorus−nitrogen-based flame retardants will be the biggest growing share in the flame retardant market. 8 Phosphoramidic acid, N,N′-1,2-ethanediylbis-P,P,P′,P′-tetraphenyl ester (PAETE) (C 26 H 26 N 2 O 6 P 2 , CAS Registry No. 34670-52-5) has gained increasing attention over the past years as a versatile intumescent flame retardant because the phosphorus and nitrogen elements present in the formula. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure. PAETE possesses a bright future because of its powerful flame retardancy. It has been widely used in thermoplastic polyolefin, 9 polyethylene, 10,11 epoxy resins, 12 polycarbonate(PC), 13 and so forth.However, some impurities have greatly effects on its thermal property and the application. Hence, purifying PAETE is important to gain the product with high purity.As the solubility of PAETE in water is very low, knowledge of (solid + liquid) equilibrium of PAETE in organic solvents is especially necessary for determining the optimal con...

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Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of N,N′-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bis(phosphoramidic acid) Tetraphenyl Ester in Selected Solvents

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis and characterisation of the halogen-free flame retardant and mechanical performance of the retardant epoxies resin

Synthesis and characterisation of the halogen-free flame retardant and mechanical performance of the retardant epoxies resin

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of N,N′-Piperazinebis(neopentylglycol)phosphoramidate in Selected Solvents from T = (293.15 to 333.15) K

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Phosphoramidic acid, N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbis-P,P,P′,P′-tetraphenyl Ester in Selected Solvents

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